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Biology Final > Biology > Flashcards

Biology Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
0
Q

Independent variable

A

The variable only given to the experimental group.

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1
Q

What is the control group?

A

The group that is identical to the experimental group but is not given the independent variable.

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2
Q

Dependent variable

A

The data collected from the experiment

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4
Q

Pasteur

A
  • Was the first to disprove spontaneous generation
  • Had a flask with an S shaped tube to let air in filled with broth and nothing grew in the broth
  • When he removed the tube, microorganisms were found
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5
Q

Who was the father of modern taxonomy?

A

Linnaeus

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6
Q

Linnaeus

A

Came with today phylum classifications

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7
Q

Hook

A

Looked at a piece of cork under a microscope and came up with the term ‘cell’

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8
Q

Theorized that all animals are made of cells

A

Schwann

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9
Q

Theorized that all plants are made of cells

A

Schleiden

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10
Q

Said that all cells come from pre-existing cells

A

Virchow

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11
Q

Cell theory

A
  • Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things
  • Cells only come from pre-existing cells
  • All living things are made of one or more cells
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12
Q

Heterotrophs

A
  • Cells cannot photosynthesize
  • Cells contain mitochondria
  • Have centrioles
  • No cell wall
  • Many small vacuoles
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13
Q

Diplo

A

Two

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16
Q

Bacillus

A

Rod shaped bacteria

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17
Q

Coccus

A

Sphere shaped bacteria

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18
Q

Spirillium

A

Spiral shaped bacteria

19
Q

Gram Positive

A
  • Some cells produce endospores
  • Purple color
  • Contain thicker cell well
  • Do not have an extra cell membrane
  • Bacteria is less resistant to antibiotics
  • Produce exotoxins that damage host
20
Q

Gram Negative

A
  • No cells produce endospores
  • Pink color
  • Contain thinner cell wall
  • Have an extra cell membrane outside the cell wall
  • Bacteria is more resistant to antibiotics
  • Produce endotoxins when cell dies
21
Q

Mitochondria

A

Contains enzymes for aerobic respiration

22
Q

Nucleus

A

Surrounds and protects the genetic material

23
Q

Autotrophic

A
  • Cells can photosynthesize
  • Cells contain mitochondria and chloroplasts
  • Do not have centrioles
  • Cell wall
  • One big water vacuole
24
Q

Eukaryotes

A
  • Have a nucleus that contains DNA strands
  • Many organelles
  • Some have cell walls
  • Respiratory enzymes in the mitochondria
  • Chlorophyll in thylakoids in chloroplasts
25
Q

Cell membrane

A

Controls what goes in and out of the cell

26
Q

What is the group that’s gets the independent variable?

A

Experimental group

28
Q

Ribosome

A

Produce proteins

29
Q

Endoplasmic Reticulum

A

Smooth, with no ribosomes attached, produces steroid hormones and produces/stores lipids and detox of drugs

30
Q

Cell wall

A

Provides shape and protection for the cell

31
Q

Golgi complex

A

Processes and packages materials in the cell

32
Q

Chromosomes

A

Are made up of DNA strands and tells the cell what proteins to make

33
Q

Chloroplast

A

Performs photosynthesis

34
Q

Leucoplast

A

Found in plants/stores extra starch

35
Q

Translation

A
  • Happens in the nucleus

- Gets the “blueprints” to make proteins

36
Q

Transcription

A
  • Happens in the ribosome

- Produces proteins

37
Q

Replication

A
  • Happens in the nucleus

- Makes two sets of identical chromosomes for cells division

39
Q

Gram Stain Process

A
  1. Application of crystal violet
  2. Application of iodine
  3. Alcohol wash
  4. Application of safarin
41
Q

Staphylo

A

Cluster

42
Q

Vacuole

A

Stories food, water, and waste

51
Q

Prokaryotes

A
  • Single loop of DNA w/ a nuclear area
  • Few organelles
  • All cells have cell walls
  • Respiratory enzymes in the cell membrane
  • Chlorophyll in thylakoids on the cell membrane
72
Q

Redi

A
  • Believed in biogenesis
  • He said that maggots do not form without flies. He used to jars of meat, one with an open top and one without, and only the open top formed maggots

Biology Final (1 decks)

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