Biology Flashcards
*LABEL BIOMES ON THE MAP OF CANADA*
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Abiotic
Non-living parts of an ecosystem
Acid Precipitation
Precipitation that has been made more acidic by the combination of a chemical in the air and water vapor
*REVIEW BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES*
Atmosphere
Layer of gases above the Earth
Bioaccumulation
The concentration of a substance (Pesticide) in the body of a organism
Bioamplification
The increase in concentration of a substance such as a pesticide as it moves higher up the food web
Biodiversity
The variety of life in a particular ecosystem
Biogeochemical Cycle
Cycles where chemicals are used for different processes
Biomass
The mass of organisums
Biome
A large region defined by it’s climate and biotic and abiotic features
Bioremediation
A waste management technique that uses organisms to remove or neutralize pollutants from a contaminated site
Biosphere
Where living things are
Biotic
Living part of an ecosystem
Carbon Cycle
The movement of carbon through the enviorment
Broad-Spectrum Pesticide
A pesticide that is effective against many types of pests
Carrying Capacity
The maximum population an ecosystem can withstand
Cellular Respiration
Process animals use to obtain energy from glucose
Clear Cutting
The removal of all the trees in a certain area
Consumer
Get energy from consuming other organisums
DDT
a type of pesticide
Decomposer
Break down dead organisms and waste
Ecosystem
Complex self-regulating system in which living things interact with non-living factors
Ecological Pyramid
Shows how much matter or energy is present at each trophic energy level
Endangered
A species facing imminent extirpation or extinction
Equilibrium
The conditions remain relatively constant over time
Erosion
The wearing away of the Earth’s surface
Eutrophic
A body of water that is rich in nutrients
Extinct
A species that has died out an no longer occurs on Earth
Extirpated
A species that no longer exists in a specific area
Food Chains
Simple model that shows how matter and energy move through an ecosystem
Food Web
Shows all possible feeding relationships in a community at each trophic level
Fragmentation
Dividing of a region into smaller pieces or fragments
How can humans increase the carrying capacity of an ecosystem?
- Build upwards
- Increase the amount of water
How do humans disrupt the carbon cycle?
- Deforestation
- Livestock
How do species survive that live in the intertidal zone?
They have hard protective shells and grab onto rocks so they don’t wash away
How does nitrogen get “fixed”?
- Lightening
- Nitrogen Fixing Bacteria
How does plastic break up in the water?
UV Rays and Waves
Hydrosphere
Liquid part of the Earth
Intertidal Zone
The area between high and low tide
Invasive Species
Species that have become established outside of their natural range
Introduced Species
A species that is new to an area and has somehow made it into another part of the world. All non-native species.
Leaching
The process by which nutrients are removed from the soil as water passes through it
Light Energy
Light energy from the sun, used in photosynthesis
Limiting Factor
Factors that limit the size of a population
Lithosphere
Solid outer part of the Earth
Mangrove
A type of tree that grows into the water on the shoreline
Name 3 impacts fertilizer has on the environment.
1) Nitrogen in our drinking water
2) Soil looses nutrients
3) Algae growth increases
Narrow Spectrum Pesticide
A pesticide that is effect against only a few types of pests
Natural Fertilizer
A type of fertilizer made from plants and animal wastes
Neutralization
When lakes with limestone counteract the acid in the water
Nitrogen Cycle
The movement of nitrogen through the enviorment
Non-target species
A species that was not intended to be killed
Oligotrophic
A body of water that is low in nutrients
Permafrost
The ground is permanently frozen
Pest
Anything that competes with,damages or consumes crops
Pesticide
A substance used to kill a pest INSECTICIDES= Kills insects HERBICIDES= Kills plants
Pesticide Resistance
When a pesticide is used for a long time and no longer works
Photosynthesis
How plants obtain energy from the sun and turn them into sugars (glucose)
Pollution
Harmful contaminents released into the enviorment
Primary Succession
Succession on newly exposed land
Producer
Make food using photosynthesis
Secondary Succession
Succession in a particularity disturbed ecosystem where there is still some life
Selective Cutting
Selected trees are cut down (In areas where trees are the attraction)
Shelterwood Cutting
Mature trees are cut down so the smaller ones underneath can grow
Special Concern
A species that may become threatened or endangered because of a combination of factors
Species Richness
The number of species in an area
Stewardship
Taking personal responsibility for the care and management of something
Succession
The gradual rebuilding of an ecosystem after a disaster
Sustainability
The ability to maintain an ecological balance
Sustainable Ecosystem
An ecosystem that can maintain itself through natural processes
Thermal Energy
Heat energy from the sun
Synthetic Fertilizer
A type of fertilizer made by humans; Fertilizers manufactured using chemical processes
Threatened
A species that is likely to become endangered if factors reducing its survival are not changed
Tolerance Range
The conditions in which a species can survive
Trophic Level
A level in a pyramid used to show how energy is moved
Water Cycle
The movement of water through the enviorment
Trophic Level
The position of an organism in a food chain
Water Shed
The land area that is drained by a particular river
What are 2 ways acid rain affects aquatic ecosystems?
1) Makes the water clear
2) Kills organisums
What are 3 ways acid precipitation affect terrestrial ecosystems?
1) Changes the soil
2) Kills plants
3) Ruins human structures
What are the 2 ways to count the species richness?
1) Tag animals
2) Count
What are the 3 methods of cutting trees?
1) Clear cutting
2) Shelterwood Cutting
3) Selective Cutting
What are the 3 impacts pesticides have on the environment?
1) Non-target species
2) Bioamplification
3) Pesticide Resistance
What are the 4 key abiotic factors in a terrestrial ecosystem?
- Light
- Water
- Nutrients
- Tempature
What are the 3 ways invasive species can be controlled?
1) Biological
2) Chemical
3) Mechanical
What are the 4 major biomes in Canada?
1) Grasslands
2) Temperate Deciduous Forests
3) Boreal Forest
4) Tundra
What are the 4 methods used to clean an oil spill?
1) Skimming
2) Burning the oil
3) Dispersal agents
4) Bioremediation
What are the 4 ways species invade?
1) Backyard Gardens
2) Recreational Boating
3) Canals and Water Diversions
4) Baitfish
What are the 5 factors how well a region does after fragmentation?
1) Size
2) Number
3) Proximity
4) Connectedness
5) Integrity
What are the 5 key abiotic factors in a aquatic ecosystem?
- Light
- Nutrients
- Acidity
- Temperature
- Salinity
What are the 5 types of species interactions?
1) Competition
2) Predation
3) Parasitism
4) Mutualism
5) Commensalism
What are the Earths Speres? Name all 4
1) Biosphere
2) Atmosphere
3) Lithosphere
4) Hydrosphere
What defines an ecosystem?
Its abiotic and biotic components
What is the equation for cellular respiration?
Sugar+Oxygen——–>Carbon Dioxide+Water
What is the equation for photosynthesis?
Carbon Dioxide+Water+Light Energy —–>Sugar+Oxygen
What makes an invasive species successful?
1) No natural predators or disease
2) Reproduce quickly
3) Can live in many different enviorments
Where are coral reefs found?
In warm,shallow oceans
Where is the Great Pacific Garbage Patch?
The North Pacific Ocean
Why is it difficult to obtain nitrogen?
Nitrogen is bonded to another atom of nitrogen. This is a hard atom to break.
