Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology > Biology > Flashcards

Biology Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
0
Q

Ideas that have been supported over time.

A
  1. Theory
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

The proposed scientific explanation for a set of observations.

A
  1. Hypothesis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

observed factor that may change in response to the other

variable. (outcome)

A
  1. Dependent variable
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

the factor that is purposely changed in an experiment.

A
  1. Independent variable
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

a group of subjects, closely resembling the experimental group but
not receiving the factor under study, which serves as a comparison to the
experimental group.

A
  1. Control Group
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

a group of subjects which receive the factor under study

A
  1. Experimental Group
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

the smallest unit of an organism that can be considered to be alive.

A
  1. Cell
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

any physical or chemical input that is sensed

A
  1. Stimulus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

the process by which organisms keep their internal body conditions
fairly constant to survive.

A
  1. Homeostasis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

a change in a kind of organism over time.

A
  1. Evolution
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

the basic unit of matter.

A
  1. Atom
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

the positively charged particle found in the nucleus of an atom.

A
  1. Proton
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

the particle with no charge found in the nucleus of an atom.

A
  1. Neutron
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

the negatively charged particle found outside the nucleus of an atom.

A
  1. Electron
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

A pure substance that consists entirely of one type of atom.

A

Element

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

A group of atoms bonded together forming the smallest fundamental
unit of a pure substance.

A
  1. Molecule
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons.

A
  1. Isotopes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

an attraction between two or more atoms resulting in the

formation of different chemical substances

A
  1. Chemical Bonding
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

changes in chemical substances involving bond breaking

and/or bond forming resulting in different chemical substances

A
  1. Chemical reaction
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

a positively or negatively charged atom.

A
  1. Ion
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

formed when one or more electrons are transferred from one atom to
another.

A
  1. Ionic Bond
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

forms when electrons are shared between atoms.

A
  1. Covalent Bond
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

the electrons in the outer shell or energy level that are available
for bonding.

A
  1. Valence Electrons
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

the measure of acidity or alkalinity of a solution.

A
  1. pH
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

a substance that dissolves in water to release a hydrogen ion. (H+)

A
  1. Acid
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

a substance that dissolves in water to release a hydroxide ion. (OH-)

A
  1. Base
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

the nucleic acid that contains all genetic

information for a cell.

A
  1. Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

The shape of DNA that resembles a spiral staircase or a twisted
ladder.

A
  1. Double Helix
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

The building block of living organisms that passes genetic

information from one generation to the next. (e.g. DNA)

A
  1. Nucleic Acid
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

a monomer of nucleic acid; consisting of a sugar, phosphate, and a
nitrogen base. (e.g. A,T,G,C)

A
  1. Nucleotide
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

The molecule that is the major source of energy for an organism.

A
  1. Carbohydrate
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

The monomer of carbohydrates (sugar).

A
  1. Glucose
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

The molecule needed by organisms for growth and repair.

A
  1. Protein
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

The monomer of protein.

A
  1. Amino Acid
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

A protein that speeds up biological reactions.

A
  1. Enzyme
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

A set of chemical reactions in the cells of living organisms to sustain
life.

A
  1. Metabolism
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

The molecule that stores energy and is the main structure of cell
membranes.

A
  1. Lipid
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

The substance that is dissolved in a solution.

A
  1. Solute
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

The substance in which the solute dissolves in a solution.

A
  1. Solvent
39
Q

A cell that contains a nucleus.

A
  1. Eukaryotic
40
Q

A cell that does not contain a nucleus.

A
  1. Prokaryotic
41
Q

Subcellular structures. (cell parts)

A
  1. Organelle
42
Q

A cell organelle that makes protein.

A
  1. Ribosomes
43
Q

A cell organelle that converts food into cell energy.

A
  1. Mitochondria
44
Q

Cell structure that controls what enters and leaves the cell.

A
  1. Cell Membrane
45
Q

A property of biological membranes that allows some

substances to pass across, while others cannot.

A
  1. Selectively Permeable
46
Q

Cell structure found outside the cell membrane in plants, algae, fungi,
and some bacteria that provides support and protection.

A
  1. Cell Wall
47
Q

The organelle found in some organisms that carries out

photosynthesis.

A
  1. Chloroplast
48
Q

The fluid portion of a cell’s interior.

A
  1. Cytoplasm
49
Q

The organelle that controls the cell by producing proteins and contains all
genetic material.

A
  1. Nucleus
50
Q

The organelle that is used to store materials.

A
  1. Vacuole
51
Q

The movement of materials into, out of, or within of a cell

A
  1. Cellular Transport
52
Q

Type of cell transport that does not require energy.

​(e.g. Diffusion and Osmosis)

A
  1. Passive Transport
53
Q

The movement of particles move from an area of higher concentration to
an area of lower concentration through a selectively permeable membrane.

A
  1. Diffusion
54
Q

The diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane.

A
  1. Osmosis
55
Q

Type of cell transport that does require energy. (e.g. endocytosis,
exocytosis)

A
  1. Active Transport
56
Q

The process that releases energy by breaking down glucose

in the presence of oxygen.

A
  1. Cellular Respiration
57
Q

The process by which plants and some organisms use light energy
to convert water and carbon dioxide into oxygen and glucose.

A
  1. Photosynthesis
58
Q

The process of making proteins.

A
  1. Protein Synthesis
59
Q

The process by which a cell divides into two new daughter cells.

A
  1. Cell Division
60
Q

The process by which the nucleus is divided into two identical nuclei.

A
  1. Mitosis
61
Q

The scientific study of heredity.

A
  1. Genetics
62
Q

The tendency of individual genetic characteristics in a

population to differ from one another.

A
  1. Genetic Variation
63
Q

The chemical factor that determines a trait.

A
  1. Gene
64
Q

Any change in DNA. (genetic material)

A
  1. Mutation
65
Q

The alternate forms of a gene.

A
  1. Alleles
66
Q

An organism with two identical alleles for a particular trait.

A
  1. Homozygous
67
Q

An organism with two different alleles for a particular trait.

A
  1. Heterozygous
68
Q

A tool used to predict outcomes in genetics.

A
  1. Punnett Square
69
Q

The genetic makeup of an organism based on alleles inherited.

A
  1. Genotype
70
Q

A physical characteristics of an organism.

A
  1. Phenotype
71
Q

The passing of genetic material from parent to offspring.

A
  1. Inheritance
72
Q

Any specific characteristic of an individual.

A
  1. Trait
73
Q

The formation of new and different sets of chromosomes or genes.

A
  1. Recombination
74
Q

The process that makes the sex cells by reducing the chromosome number
in half.

A
  1. Meiosis
75
Q

The joining of male and female reproductive cells to produce a new
organism.

A
  1. Fertilization
76
Q

The term for sex cell, egg or sperm

A
  1. Gamete
77
Q

The descent with modification of organisms from common

ancestors.

A
  1. Biological Evolution
78
Q

The process by which individuals that are better suited to their
environment survive and reproduce most successfully. (survival of the fittest)

A
  1. Natural Selection
79
Q

The inherited traits that increases an organism’s chance of survival.

A
  1. Adaptations
80
Q

A type of adaptation that affects the behavior of an

animal (migration).

A
  1. Behavioral Adaptations
81
Q

A type of adaptation that affects the function of an

organism ( blood clotting).

A
  1. Physiological Adaptations
82
Q

A type of adaptation that affects the structure of an

organism (web feet).

A
  1. Morphological Adaptations
83
Q

The preserved remains of ancient organisms.

A
  1. Fossil
84
Q

A collection of preserved organisms or their traces stored in Earth.

A
  1. Fossil record
85
Q

The method of calculating the absolute ages of rocks and

minerals that contain radioactive isotopes.

A
  1. Radioactive dating
86
Q

The variety of organisms in the biosphere.

A
  1. Biological Diversity
87
Q

The scientific study of interactions among organisms and between
organisms and their environment.

A
  1. Ecology
88
Q

The portion of the planet in which all life exist.

A
  1. Biosphere
89
Q

A group of organisms so similar to one another that they can breed and
produce fertile offspring.

A
  1. Species
90
Q

A group of individuals that belong to the same species and live in the
same area.

A
  1. Population
91
Q

Two or more different populations that live in a defined area.

A
  1. Community
92
Q

A collection of all organisms that live in a particular place, together
with their non-living environment.

A
  1. Ecosystem
93
Q

A group of ecosystems that have the same climate and dominant
organisms.

A
  1. Biome
94
Q

An organism that can make its own food internally.

A
  1. Autotrophs (producer)
95
Q

An organism that relies on other organisms for energy

and food supply.

A
  1. Heterotroph (consumer)
96
Q

9A series of steps in which organisms transfer energy by eating or being
eaten.

A
  1. Food chain

Biology (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions