Biology 2.1.1

Question 1

Nucleus

Answer 1

Contains all the genetic information of a cell.

Question 2

Nucleolus

Answer 2

Makes RNA and ribosomes needed for protein synthesis

Question 3

Rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER)

Answer 3

Protein transport

Question 4

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER)

Answer 4

Makes + transport lipids, steroids and hormones.

Question 5

Ribosomes

Answer 5

Tiny structures attached to RER, which are involved in protein synthesis.

Question 6

Golgi Apparatus

Answer 6

Processes/modify proteins
Adds sugar and then packages them into secretary vescicles for transport.

Question 7

Lysosomes

Answer 7

Contains hydrolytic, digestive enzymes
Breakdown organelles, ingested material and old cells.
Example in phagocytes.

Question 8

Mitochondria

Answer 8

Has 2 membranes: inner and outer
Produces ATP which releases energy.
Carries out aerobic respiration.

Question 9

Centrioles

Answer 9

Used in mitosis- pulls chromosomes apart.

Question 10

Chloroplast

Answer 10

2 membranes : inner and outer
Carries out photosynthesis
Contains chlorophyll

Question 11

Cell surface membrane

Answer 11

Regulates transport into or out of the cell

Question 12

Cilia

Answer 12

Waft mucus

Question 13

Vesicles

Answer 13

Piece of the RER that pinches off to transport materials.

Question 14

Tonoplast

Answer 14

Membrane of a vacuole

Question 15

Cytoskeleton

Answer 15

A ‘net’work of protein fibres that form an internal framework.

Question 16

Cytoskeleton roles:

Answer 16

Movement
Support
Maintains and changes the shape of a cell
Tethers organelles in place

Question 17

Microtubules

Answer 17

Formed from the protein Tubulin.
Form to make a 9+2 arrangement for cilia and flagella
Can be assembled and disassembled.

Question 18

Prokaryotes

Answer 18

No membrane-bound organelles.

Question 19

Mesosome

Answer 19

Site of aerobic respiration in a bacterial cell.

Question 20

Pilli

Answer 20

Allow an exchange of genetic information between bacterial cells.

Question 21

Capsule

Answer 21

Mucous-like protective layer, providing moisture.
Made of polysaccharides and water, preventing desiccation(drying out)

Question 22

Cell wall (bacterial cell)

Answer 22

Composed of peptidoglycan.

Question 23

Plasmid

Answer 23

Circular DNA which carry genes.

Question 24

Flagellum

Answer 24

Microtubules motor.