Biology 2.1.1 Flashcards
Nucleus
Contains all the genetic information of a cell.
Nucleolus
Makes RNA and ribosomes needed for protein synthesis
Rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER)
Protein transport
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER)
Makes + transport lipids, steroids and hormones.
Ribosomes
Tiny structures attached to RER, which are involved in protein synthesis.
Golgi Apparatus
Processes/modify proteins
Adds sugar and then packages them into secretary vescicles for transport.
Lysosomes
Contains hydrolytic, digestive enzymes
Breakdown organelles, ingested material and old cells.
Example in phagocytes.
Mitochondria
Has 2 membranes: inner and outer
Produces ATP which releases energy.
Carries out aerobic respiration.
Centrioles
Used in mitosis- pulls chromosomes apart.
Chloroplast
2 membranes : inner and outer
Carries out photosynthesis
Contains chlorophyll
Cell surface membrane
Regulates transport into or out of the cell
Cilia
Waft mucus
Vesicles
Piece of the RER that pinches off to transport materials.
Tonoplast
Membrane of a vacuole
Cytoskeleton
A ‘net’work of protein fibres that form an internal framework.
Cytoskeleton roles:
Movement
Support
Maintains and changes the shape of a cell
Tethers organelles in place
Microtubules
Formed from the protein Tubulin.
Form to make a 9+2 arrangement for cilia and flagella
Can be assembled and disassembled.
Prokaryotes
No membrane-bound organelles.
Mesosome
Site of aerobic respiration in a bacterial cell.
Pilli
Allow an exchange of genetic information between bacterial cells.
Capsule
Mucous-like protective layer, providing moisture.
Made of polysaccharides and water, preventing desiccation(drying out)
Cell wall (bacterial cell)
Composed of peptidoglycan.
Plasmid
Circular DNA which carry genes.
Flagellum
Microtubules motor.
