Biology 1A

Question 1

What are the five main food things?

Answer 1

Carbohydrates
Fats
Protein
Fibre
Vitamins

Question 2

What do Carbohydrates provide?

Answer 2

Carbohydrates release energy

Question 3

What do fats provide?

Answer 3

Fat keeps you warm and releases energy

Question 4

what does protein provide?

Answer 4

Growth and cell repair, as well as cell replacement

Question 5

Why do you need fibre?

Answer 5

It keeps your digestive system running smoothly so you can shit better

Question 6

Why do you need Vitamins?

Answer 6

Vitamins and Minerals keep your body generally healthy

Question 7

What is your metabolic rate?

Answer 7

Your metabolic rate is the rate of chemical reactions in your body

Question 8

What factors affect metabolic rates?

Answer 8

Muscle
Fat
Genetic variations
Overall body Mass
Age

Question 9

Are men or women more likely to have a higher metabolic rate? Why?

Answer 9

Men. Because overall, they are usually bigger and so have more chemical reactions going on inside them.

Question 10

Name five health problems linked with obesity.

Answer 10

Arthritis
Type 2 Diabetes
High blood pressure
Heart Disease
Some kinds of cancer

Question 11

Define ‘Pathogen’

Answer 11

Microorganisms that enter the body and cause disease.

Question 12

How do bacteria make you feel ill?

Answer 12

Two things:
A) Killing your body cells
B) Producing toxins (Poisons)

Question 13

What is one of the most important thing about Viruses?

Answer 13

THEY’RE NOT CELLS

Question 14

How do viruses make you feel ill?

Answer 14

They use your body cells to replicate themselves. Then, they burst through your body cells to release the new cells and attack others. This cell damage is what makes you feel ill.

Question 15

How does the immune system work? (Long answer)

Answer 15

1. Your white blood cells ingest foreign cells.
2. When an unrecognised antigen enters the cell, they produce proteins called antibodies.
3. These specific Antibodies are produced quickly to kill all remaining similar bacteria or viruses in your body.
4. If infected with the pathogen again, the white blood cells remember it and so can produce the antibodies so fast that you don’t get ill.

Question 16

How do vaccinations work and what do they do?

Answer 16

Vaccinations inject dead or inactive cells that still carry antigens, despite actually being harmless. This makes your white blood cells produce antibodies for the pathogen. That way, if infected with a pathogen, you body can already defend you against it.

Question 17

Give two Pros of Vaccinations.

Answer 17

1. It controls and eliminates illnesses that were once common in the UK (E.g. Smallpox is now eradicated and Polio infections have fallen by 99%).
2. It prevents epidemics, since people are defended against the illness.

Question 18

Give two Cons of Vaccinations.

Answer 18

1. Sometimes, vaccinations don’t work and don’t give you immunity.
2. There are RARE side effects, such as swellings or more serious things like seizures or fever.

Question 19

Why shouldn’t a doctor give you antibiotics for the flu?

Answer 19

The flu is a virus

Question 20

What did Semmelweiss introduce?

Answer 20

To wash hands with antibacterial in the wards. This reduced deaths because it stop transference of harmful microorganisms.

Question 21

List the procedures of the nervous system.

Answer 21

Stimulus
Receptor
Sensory neurone
Relay neurone
Motor neurone
Effector
Response