Biology 1A Flashcards
What are the five main food things?
Carbohydrates Fats Protein Fibre Vitamins
What do Carbohydrates provide?
Carbohydrates release energy
What do fats provide?
Fat keeps you warm and releases energy
what does protein provide?
Growth and cell repair, as well as cell replacement
Why do you need fibre?
It keeps your digestive system running smoothly so you can shit better
Why do you need Vitamins?
Vitamins and Minerals keep your body generally healthy
What is your metabolic rate?
Your metabolic rate is the rate of chemical reactions in your body
What factors affect metabolic rates?
Muscle Fat Genetic variations Overall body Mass Age
Are men or women more likely to have a higher metabolic rate? Why?
Men. Because overall, they are usually bigger and so have more chemical reactions going on inside them.
Name five health problems linked with obesity.
Arthritis Type 2 Diabetes High blood pressure Heart Disease Some kinds of cancer
Define ‘Pathogen’
Microorganisms that enter the body and cause disease.
How do bacteria make you feel ill?
Two things:
A) Killing your body cells
B) Producing toxins (Poisons)
What is one of the most important thing about Viruses?
THEY’RE NOT CELLS
How do viruses make you feel ill?
They use your body cells to replicate themselves. Then, they burst through your body cells to release the new cells and attack others. This cell damage is what makes you feel ill.
How does the immune system work? (Long answer)
- Your white blood cells ingest foreign cells.
- When an unrecognised antigen enters the cell, they produce proteins called antibodies.
- These specific Antibodies are produced quickly to kill all remaining similar bacteria or viruses in your body.
- If infected with the pathogen again, the white blood cells remember it and so can produce the antibodies so fast that you don’t get ill.
How do vaccinations work and what do they do?
Vaccinations inject dead or inactive cells that still carry antigens, despite actually being harmless. This makes your white blood cells produce antibodies for the pathogen. That way, if infected with a pathogen, you body can already defend you against it.
Give two Pros of Vaccinations.
- It controls and eliminates illnesses that were once common in the UK (E.g. Smallpox is now eradicated and Polio infections have fallen by 99%).
- It prevents epidemics, since people are defended against the illness.
Give two Cons of Vaccinations.
- Sometimes, vaccinations don’t work and don’t give you immunity.
- There are RARE side effects, such as swellings or more serious things like seizures or fever.
Why shouldn’t a doctor give you antibiotics for the flu?
The flu is a virus
What did Semmelweiss introduce?
To wash hands with antibacterial in the wards. This reduced deaths because it stop transference of harmful microorganisms.
List the procedures of the nervous system.
Stimulus Receptor Sensory neurone Relay neurone Motor neurone Effector Response
