Biology Flashcards
1
Q
What is important for making new cells?
A
Protein is important.
2
Q
What do carbohydrates provide?
A
Carbohydrates are needed to give you energy.
3
Q
What do cells use carbohydrates for?
A
Cells use carbohydrates for respiration, to release energy.
4
Q
What is glucose?
A
Glucose is the fuel that your body uses after eating starch.
5
Q
What happens to starch after eating?
A
The body breaks it down to make a sugar called glucose.
6
Q
What type of carbohydrate does rice contain?
A
Rice contains a lot of starch.
7
Q
What are the three main types of nutrients mentioned?
A
Carbohydrates, fats, and proteins.
8
Q
How do different foods help the body?
A
These foods help the body to stay healthy and to have energy.
9
Q
What are the three main nutrients?
A
Protein, carbohydrate, and fat.
10
Q
What are nutrients?
A
Substances found in food that you need to stay healthy.
11
Q
What do carbohydrates and fats provide?
A
Almost all of your energy.
12
Q
Can you get energy from protein?
A
Yes, if you run out of carbohydrates and fats.
13
Q
Where do you store carbohydrates?
A
In your cells, especially in the liver and muscles.
14
Q
What are short-term energy stores?
A
The small amount of carbohydrate stored in your cells.
15
Q
Where does the body store fat?
A
In special cells underneath the skin and around some body organs.
16
Q
What additional function do fat stores provide?
A
Heat insulation.
17
Q
Why do animals in cold places have a lot of fat stores?
A
To help stop them from losing heat from their body.
18
Q
What are vitamins?
A
Vitamins are nutrients that are needed in only small amounts, but if you don’t eat them you can get ill.
19
Q
How are different kinds of vitamins categorized?
A
Each kind of vitamin is given a letter.
20
Q
What is the role of Vitamin A?
A
Vitamin A is needed to help your eyes work well, particularly in low light conditions, and helps white blood cells fight pathogens.
21
Q
What are sources of Vitamin A?
A
You get vitamin A by eating green vegetables, carrots, squash (such as pumpkin), fruit, foods made from milk (such as cheese), and some kinds of fish.
22
Q
What is the role of Vitamin C?
A
Vitamin C helps the skin to stay strong and heal quickly, keeps blood vessels and bones healthy, and prevents scurvy.
23
Q
What happens if you don’t get enough Vitamin C?
A
People who don’t eat enough vitamin C can get an illness called scurvy, which causes weakness and swollen, bleeding gums.
24
Q
What are sources of Vitamin C?
A
You get vitamin C by eating fresh fruit and vegetables, particularly citrus fruits, potatoes, and colorful berries.
25
What is the role of Vitamin D?
Vitamin D is needed for strong bones and teeth and helps the body absorb calcium from food.
26
What are the main sources of Vitamin D?
Oily fish is probably the best source, but most vitamin D is made in the skin when sunlight falls on it.
27
Who is at risk of Vitamin D deficiency?
People who never go outdoors or get sunlight on their skin may not get enough vitamin D, especially in countries far from the equator.
28
What illness can result from a lack of Vitamin D in children?
In children, lack of vitamin D can stop their bones from growing normally, leading to a condition called rickets.
29
What are vitamins?
Vitamins are nutrients that are needed in only small amounts, but if you don't eat them you can get ill.
30
How are different kinds of vitamins categorized?
Each kind of vitamin is given a letter.
31
What is the role of Vitamin A?
Vitamin A is needed to help your eyes work well, particularly in low light conditions, and helps white blood cells fight pathogens.
32
What are sources of Vitamin A?
You get vitamin A by eating green vegetables, carrots, squash (such as pumpkin), fruit, foods made from milk (such as cheese), and some kinds of fish.
33
What is the role of Vitamin C?
Vitamin C helps the skin to stay strong and heal quickly, keeps blood vessels and bones healthy, and prevents scurvy.
34
What happens if you don't get enough Vitamin C?
People who don't eat enough vitamin C can get an illness called scurvy, which causes weakness and swollen, bleeding gums.
35
What are sources of Vitamin C?
You get vitamin C by eating fresh fruit and vegetables, particularly citrus fruits, potatoes, and colorful berries.
36
What is the role of Vitamin D?
Vitamin D is needed for strong bones and teeth and helps the body absorb calcium from food.
37
What are the main sources of Vitamin D?
Oily fish is probably the best source, but most vitamin D is made in the skin when sunlight falls on it.
38
Who is at risk of Vitamin D deficiency?
People who never go outdoors or get sunlight on their skin may not get enough vitamin D, especially in countries far from the equator.
39
What illness can result from a lack of Vitamin D in children?
In children, lack of vitamin D can stop their bones from growing normally, leading to a condition called rickets.
40
What are vitamins?
Vitamins are nutrients that are needed in only small amounts, but if you don't eat them you can get ill.
41
How are different kinds of vitamins categorized?
Each kind of vitamin is given a letter.
42
What is the role of Vitamin A?
Vitamin A is needed to help your eyes work well, particularly in low light conditions, and helps white blood cells fight pathogens.
43
What are sources of Vitamin A?
You get vitamin A by eating green vegetables, carrots, squash (such as pumpkin), fruit, foods made from milk (such as cheese), and some kinds of fish.
44
What is the role of Vitamin C?
Vitamin C helps the skin to stay strong and heal quickly, keeps blood vessels and bones healthy, and prevents scurvy.
45
What happens if you don't get enough Vitamin C?
People who don't eat enough vitamin C can get an illness called scurvy, which causes weakness and swollen, bleeding gums.
46
What are sources of Vitamin C?
You get vitamin C by eating fresh fruit and vegetables, particularly citrus fruits, potatoes, and colorful berries.
47
What is the role of Vitamin D?
Vitamin D is needed for strong bones and teeth and helps the body absorb calcium from food.
48
What are the main sources of Vitamin D?
Oily fish is probably the best source, but most vitamin D is made in the skin when sunlight falls on it.
49
Who is at risk of Vitamin D deficiency?
People who never go outdoors or get sunlight on their skin may not get enough vitamin D, especially in countries far from the equator.
50
What illness can result from a lack of Vitamin D in children?
In children, lack of vitamin D can stop their bones from growing normally, leading to a condition called rickets.
51
What are two important minerals mentioned?
Calcium and iron.
52
Why is calcium important?
Calcium is needed for strong bones and teeth.
53
What are good sources of calcium?
Foods made from milk, seeds, and some types of nuts (such as almonds).
54
What is the role of iron in the body?
Iron is needed to make haemoglobin, which transports oxygen around the body.
55
What happens if you don't get enough iron?
You may develop anaemia, which makes a person feel tired.
56
What are good sources of iron?
Meat (especially red meat), dark green vegetables, many kinds of fish, and some nuts and seeds.
57
What are the six types of nutrients?
I can list the six types of nutrients that I need in my diet.
58
Why is water important for the body?
Water is needed for many different purposes in the body.
59
What percentage of a person's body weight is water?
Almost 60% of a person's body weight is made up of water.
60
How does water function in blood?
Water in blood allows it to flow easily, transporting substances all over the body.
61
What role does water play in cells?
Water in cells allows all the different chemicals inside them to dissolve, so that they can react together.
62
How much water should you take into your body each day?
You need to take water into your body each day.
63
What is a diet?
Your diet is the food that you eat each day.
64
What should a diet provide?
Your diet should provide you with some of all the different kinds of nutrients and the right amount of energy.
65
What is a balanced diet?
A diet that provides all the different kinds of nutrients and the right amount of energy is called a balanced diet.
66
How much energy should you consume daily?
The energy in the food you eat each day should be approximately equal to the energy that you use up.
67
What are the main sources of energy in a diet?
Most of your energy comes from the carbohydrates and fat that you eat.
68
What factors affect energy usage?
Different people use different amounts of energy based on activity level, genetics, growth rate, and body size.
69
How does physical activity affect energy usage?
If you do a lot of sport or walk or run a lot each day, you use more energy.
70
How does inactivity affect energy usage?
If you don't move around much, you use less energy.
71
How do genetics affect energy usage?
Some people's genes mean that their body uses up energy more quickly than others doing the same thing.
72
Why do growing individuals need extra energy?
If you are growing fast, you need extra energy to help your cells to divide.
73
How does body size affect energy usage?
Tall people use more energy to move their body around than small people.
74
Why do different people need different diets?
Everyone needs plenty of minerals and vitamins, but the amount of protein and carbohydrate varies by individual.
75
What do young people need in their diet?
Young people need a lot of protein to make new cells and sufficient carbohydrates for energy. They also need a little fat for energy and cell membrane formation.
76
How does activity level affect dietary needs?
People who are less active don't need to eat as much carbohydrate or fat compared to those who are very active or have jobs that involve moving around.
77
What dietary needs does a pregnant woman have?
A pregnant woman needs plenty of protein for her baby's new cells, lots of iron for haemoglobin, and plenty of calcium for her baby's bones.
78
What is a megajoule (MJ)?
A megajoule (MJ) is one million joules.
79
Why do different people need different diets?
Everyone needs plenty of minerals and vitamins, but the amount of protein and carbohydrate varies by individual.
80
What do young people need in their diet?
Young people need a lot of protein to make new cells and sufficient carbohydrates for energy. They also need a little fat for energy and cell membrane formation.
81
How does activity level affect dietary needs?
People who are less active don't need to eat as much carbohydrate or fat compared to those who are very active or have jobs that involve moving around.
82
What dietary needs does a pregnant woman have?
A pregnant woman needs plenty of protein for her baby's new cells, lots of iron for haemoglobin, and plenty of calcium for her baby's bones.
83
What is a megajoule (MJ)?
A megajoule (MJ) is one million joules.
84
Different diets
85
Everyone is different. Different people need different diets. Everyone
86
needs plenty of minerals and vitamins
but people vary in how much
87
protein and carbohydrate they need. Here are some cxamples.
88
Questions
89
7.2 Abalan
90
Young people who are still growing need a
91
lot of protein to make new cells. If they use
92
a lot of energy
then they need to eat enough
93
carbohydrate to give them plenty of energy.
94
They need to eat a little bit of fat for energy
95
and making the membranes on the new cells.
96
People who have to sit down for a lot of the
97
day don't use up as much energy as people
98
who are very active. So they dont need to eat
99
as much carbohydrate or fat as someone who
100
has a job that involves moving around
or who
101
does a lot of sport.
102
A pregnant woman needs to eat plenty of
103
protein to help to build her growing baby's
104
new cells. She also needs lots of iron in her
105
diet
to make haemoglobin in her own blood
106
and her baby's blood. She should
107
eat plenty of calcium
for building her baby's
108
bones.
109
The bar chart shows some examples of the energy that diferent people
110
need each day. A megajoule (MJ) is one million joules.
111
Different diets
112
Everyone is different. Different people need different diets. Everyone
113
needs plenty of minerals and vitamins
but people vary in how much
114
protein and carbohydrate they need. Here are some cxamples.
115
Questions
116
7.2 Abalan
117
Young people who are still growing need a
118
lot of protein to make new cells. If they use
119
a lot of energy
then they need to eat enough
120
carbohydrate to give them plenty of energy.
121
They need to eat a little bit of fat for energy
122
and making the membranes on the new cells.
123
People who have to sit down for a lot of the
124
day don't use up as much energy as people
125
who are very active. So they dont need to eat
126
as much carbohydrate or fat as someone who
127
has a job that involves moving around
or who
128
does a lot of sport.
129
A pregnant woman needs to eat plenty of
130
protein to help to build her growing baby's
131
new cells. She also needs lots of iron in her
132
diet
to make haemoglobin in her own blood
133
and her baby's blood. She should
134
eat plenty of calcium
for building her baby's
135
bones.
136
The bar chart shows some examples of the energy that diferent people
137
need each day. A megajoule (MJ) is one million joules.
