Biology Flashcards
What are the seven nutrients,what do they do, and where are they found?
Carbohydrates-provide energy and found in rice, bread, and pasta
Fibre-helps move food through the digestive system and is found in dried fruit and whole grain cereal
Water-keeps the body hydrated
Lipids-keep the body insulated, but too much cancause heart disease they are found in butter and oil
Minerals & Vitamins -they are essential for healthy growth and are found in fruit and vegetables
Protein-essentoal for growth and repair and are found in red meat and eggs
Whatever are the three main substances found in cigarettes?
Nicotine, Tar & Carbon Monoxide
What are the dangers of smoking?
Cigarettes contain a black sticky substance called tar.This coats the insides of the lungs, including the alveoli. This makes it difficult for oxygen to rech the blood. Smoke causes tiny hair like structures in the airways called cilia to be paralysed. This means they cannot sweep away any mucus,which traps dirt and bacteria. This means smokers are more likely to get infections. Cigarettes also cause fat to build up in the arteries. Preventing blood from reaching the heart. This puts smokers at a much higher risk of a heart attack.
What are the dangers of smoking during pregnancy?
Chemicals in cigarettes pass into the baby’s blood from the mothers blood through the placenta. This leads to the baby not getting enough oxygen and is born smaller as it doesn’t grow.
What happens if you drink a large amount of alcohol every week.
1)Brain damage
2)Affects the nervous system and slows down your body’s reaction time
3)Heart disease
4)Stomach ulcers
5)Liver damage [[it works less efficiently, it takes longer to break down alcohol and other chemicals this is called cirrhosis of the liver and can result in death]]
What chemical is used to test for lipids, and what does the positive and negative result look like?
Ethanol
Positive=CLOUDY
Negative=STAYS CLEAR
What chemical is used to test for sugar (a carbohydrate), and what does the positive and negative result look like?
Benerdicts solution (+heat)
Positive=GREEN, ORANGE ,RED
Negative=STAYS BLUE
What chemical is used to test for strarch (a carbohydrate), and what does the positive and negative result look like?
Iodine
Positive=DARK BLUE/BLACK
Negative=STAYS ORANGE
What chemical is used to test for protein, and what does the positive and negative result look like?
Biuret solution
Positive=PURPLE
Negative=STAYS BLUE
Name as many as possible recreational illegal,recreational legal and medicinal drugs.
Recreational illegal:
cocaine,meth,heroine,marijuna
Recreational legal:
alcohol,caffeine
Medical:
paracetamol,ibuprofen,steroids
What are hallucinogens? Give 2 examples?
Causes you to see or hear things that aren’t real e.g. LSD, magic mushrooms.
What are depressants? Give 3 examples?
Reduces the activity of the brain and can make you feel sleepy and reduces anxiety, but a high dose can lead to addiction e.g., alcohol,cocaine,nicotine
What are stimulants? Give 3 examples?
Increases the activity of the brain can make you feel more alert and awake leading to highers energy levels however can cause unpredictable change in personality e.g. caffeine,cocaine,nicotine
What are painkillers? Give 3 examples?
Reduces pain and causes the feeling of numbness but can be very addictive e.g. aspron,paracetamol,illegal drugs like heroin
What is the definition of ‘drug’?
Any chemical that has an effect on the body.
