biology Flashcards
What is the cause of cancer?
Uncontrolled cell cycle/ smoking
What would happen if human cells did not divide? What mechanism ensures that cells proceed through the cell cycle properly
It wouldn’t be able to grow. The system of checkpoints ensure that the cells proceed through the cycle properly.
Why do sex cells divide by meiosis instead of mitosis?
The reduce the number of cells by half
Explain PMAT
Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase
Research the p53 gene mutation. What increases as because of it?
It triggers cell arrest and apoptosis
Describe events in the interphase/What is the purpose?
The cell grows and replicates
Why does crossing over occur in meiosis?
Increases genetic diversity
What does cancer occur?
uncontrolled cell cycle/ smoking
What is a tumor? What do malignant and benign mean?
An abnormal mess of tissue that can benign. Benign (not cancer), malignant (cancer)
Explain the cell cycle. What is its relationship to mitosis
The cell leaves interphase, undergoes mitosis and completes its division.
What are the types of asexual reproduction. Which type of cell division would each of the be considered.
Binary fission (prokaryotic), fragmentation (eukaryotic and prokaryotic), and budding (eukaryotic and prokaryotic)
A horse’s body cell has 64 chromosomes. How many chromosomes should its gamete contain? Explain.
32
What is the result of meiosis in humans?
sperm or egg cells
What is cancer? How does it relate to the cell cycle
uncontrolled cell cycle
Why is meiosis called reduction division. Why is this important?
it reduces the number of chromosomes to half the normal number
Explain mitosis. Show each step in a diagram. Explain what is happening in each phase.
Explain meiosis
Process of creating gametes
Which events are unique to meiosis but NOT mitosis?
Homologues chromosomes
Describe what is occurring in each phase of mitosis?
In prophase the nucleolus disappears and chromosomes condense and become visible
Explanation what occurs during anaphase and what type of DNA is present
each pair of chromosomes is separated into two identical, independent chromosomes.
Explain the difference between mitosis and meiosis. What is the purpose and outcome of each
Mitosis produces two genetically identical “daughter” cells from a single “parent” cell, whereas meiosis produces cells that are genetically unique from the parent and contain only half as much DNA. Mitosis - two identical daughter cells Meiosis - four daughter cells
