Biology

Question 1

Cell Theory- Schleiden and Schwann 1839

Answer 1

All living organisms are composed of one or more cells. The cell is the basic unit of structure and organisation in organisms. Cells arise from pre- existing cells.

Question 1

Classification (Carl Linnaeus)

Answer 1

• Carl Linnaeus (1707- 1778)
• Carl Linnaeus is a Swedish botanist (Botanist is where they study plant) as well as he was a physician and zoologist.
• In his age of 25, he did a long journey where he spent 6 months on horseback and 2000km Lapland.
• He had a family of 24, where he was tutor to 3 of his children.
• Infant mortality (Trafalgar Square)
• Carl Linnaeus got his doctorate in 2 weeks.
• In 1735 he publish Systema Naturae (binomial system)
• Linnaeus tried to teach students to think of themselves and not to trust anyone else, even not to trust him.

Question 2

Binomial System

Answer 2

Kingdom Animal All Animals
Phylum Chordata Backbone
Class Mammalia Hair, Milk
Order Primate (Grasping hands and feet)
Family Hominidae (Ape, primitive and modern man)
Genus Homo (Primitive and modern man)
Species Sapiens (Modern man)
Sentence to easily remember:
- King Philip came over for good spaghetti
- Keeping precious creatures ordered for grumpy scientists

Question 3

Kingdoms

Answer 3

(Eukaryotae):
- Animalia
- Plantae
-Protocista- protists- protozoans
- Fungi

(Prokaryotae):
- Viruses

Question 4

Species Name

Answer 4

Genus Species

			Homo sapiens Genus starts with capital letter and species start with a lower case letter. Species name written in italics if typed or underlined if handwritten.

Question 5

An international Language

Answer 5

Species names are international language which is available to scientists- can be really useful if travelling and meeting people who speak different languages.

Question 6

The person who first described the species

Answer 6

The name of the person who first described the species sometimes appears after the bionomial name with the year the description was made, so the swallowtail butterfly was described by Linnaueus in 1758.
Papilio machaan Linnaeus, 1758.

Question 7

Sub- Species

Answer 7

• Homo sapiens sapiens- modern man
• Homo sapiens neanderthalensis- Neanderthal man

Question 8

Binomial names can tell you about the biology of an organism

Answer 8

Aedes vexans is a mosquito. Vexed means annoyed, fustrated, worried.
Troglodytes troglodytes is a wren- a small bird- a troglodyte is a cave dweller, person who lives in a cave, hermit.
Wrens do not live in caves but they do live in dense bushes.

Question 9

What is a species?

Answer 9

= A group of organisms that can interbreed to produce fertile offspring.
A horse and a donkey can interbreed to produce a mule. The mule is sterile.
Wolves, coyotes and domestic dogs.
Coyote Canis latrans
Wolf Canis Lupus
Dog Canis Lupus familiaris
All three can interbreed and produce fertile young Presumably a common ancestor.