Biology Flashcards
1
Q
Ribonucleic acid (RNA)
A
- single stranded
- acts as a messenger that carries DNA information
- located in cytoplasm
2
Q
What makes up one nucleotide?
A
Sugar, phosphate, nitrogenous base, and backbone
3
Q
Antiparallel
A
- the DNA strands run in opposite directions
- the sugar and phosphate go in opposite directions
4
Q
Importance of protein
A
- repairs and builds the body
- balances the pH in the body
- keep immune system strong
5
Q
What type of nitrogenous bae contains a double carbon ring?
A
Purine
6
Q
How many hydrogen bonds are needed for cytosine and guanine to bond together?
A
3
7
Q
What part of the DNA is considered anti-parallel?
A
Sugar and phosphate
8
Q
Where is RNA located?
A
Cytoplasm
9
Q
What is a chromosome?
A
A thread-like structure made of DNA
10
Q
DNA replication (transcription)
A
- hydrogen bonds broken by helicase which acts as a catalyst
- creates mRNA
11
Q
Ribosome
A
A cell organelle that reads the mRNA code and constructs protein
12
Q
Protein
A
A long chain of amino acid molecules
13
Q
Codon
A
3 nitrogenous bases that code for a specific amino acid
14
Q
Protein synthesis
A
- mRNA leaves the nucleus and enters the cytoplasm of the cell
- ribosomes finds the start codon
- ribosomes attaches amino acids together until it reaches the stop codon
15
Q
What is a mutation
A
- a change in the DNA nucleotide base sequence
- can occur randomly or because of environmental factors
- potentially altering the amino acids together until sequence, and therefore the protein
