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nat 5 biology > biology > Flashcards

biology Flashcards

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1
Q

what is a species?

A

organisms that can produce fertile offspring

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2
Q

what is biodiversity?

A

different plants and animals living on earth

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3
Q

what is an ecosystem?

A

habitat and community

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4
Q

what is a niche?

A

The role an organism plays within a community

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5
Q

what is grazing?

A

to eat on growing grass or herbs

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6
Q

what are abiotic factors?

A

soil moisture, light intensity, pH level, oxygen concentration, temperature

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7
Q

what are indicator species?

A

species that by their presence or absence indicate the levels of pollution

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8
Q

why may the biodiversity on a field be low?

A

few species of plants arent able to successfully compete against others in the ecosystem

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9
Q

what is photosynthesis?

A

green plants and other organisms transfer light energy into chemical energy

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10
Q

what are biotic factors?

A

competion, predation, disease, food availability, grazing

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11
Q

what is a control variable?

A

what you can change in an experiment

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12
Q

what is an independent variable?

A

the thing that you don’t change

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13
Q

what is a dependent variable?

A

what you measure in an experiment

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14
Q

what is a pyramid of numbers?

A

it shows the population of number at each feeding level in a food chain

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15
Q

what is a pyramid of energy?

A

the energy content at each feeding level. it shows the transfer of energy from one level to another.

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16
Q

what does the increase of human population require?

A

an increase in food yield which may involve fertilisers and pesticides

17
Q

what are fertilisers?

A

chemicals such as nitrates which increase crop yield

18
Q

what happens to plants and animals when they reduce crop yield?

A

they are killed by pesticides

19
Q

how are fertilisers used?

A

they’re added to the soil to increase the nitrate content of the soil

20
Q

what do nitrates produce?

A

amino acids which are synthesised into plant proteins

21
Q

what do animals eat to obtain amino acids?

A

plants or other animals

22
Q

what are alternatives fertilisers?

A

genetically modified crops can be used to reduce using fertilisers

23
Q

what are pesticides?

A

the are sprayed onto crops and can accumulate in the bodies of organisms over time

24
Q

what happens when organisms accumulated with pesticides are passed along food chains?

A

toxicity increases and can reach lethal levels

25
Q

what are alternatives to pesticides?

A

gm crops, psychological control

26
Q

what is natural selection?

A

survival of the fittest

27
Q

what is speciation?

A

the evolutionary process in which a new species forms

nat 5 biology (2 decks)

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