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Science 30 > Biology > Flashcards

Biology Flashcards

1
Q

Blood entered the right atrium through the_____

A

Vena cavas

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2
Q

Blood flows from the right atrium into the right ventricle through the _____

A

Right av valve

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3
Q

Capillaries have thin walls to allow for diffusion of ___, ____, ____, ____

A

Oxygen, nutrients, waste, salts

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4
Q

The three sections of the human circulatory system include ———

A

Pulmonary system , systemic system, coronary system

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5
Q

Blood is pumped from the right ventricle into the pulmonary trunk that splits into the right and left _____

A

Pulmonary arteries

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6
Q

Blood returns from the lungs by through the right and left _____

A

Pulmonary veins

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7
Q

Blood enters the ______ when it returns from the lungs

A

Left atrium

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8
Q

Blood flows past the _____ as it enters the left ventricle.

A

Left av valve

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9
Q

The left ventricle pumps out past the _____ into the aorta

A

Semi-lunar valve

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10
Q

What is systemic circulation

A

Vessels that carry blood to and from the body cells

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11
Q

What is systemic circulation

A

Vessels that carry blood to and from the body cells

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12
Q

What is coronary circulation

A

Supplies blood to the heart muscle

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13
Q

What is blood pressure measured with

A

Phygnomonometer

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14
Q

Blood pressure is expressed by what two pressures

A

Systolic and dyastolic

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15
Q

Blood pressure is expressed by what two pressures

A

Systolic and dyastolic

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16
Q

What is systolic pressure

A

The heart ventricles contract (ventricular contraction)

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17
Q

What is diastolic pressure

A

When ventricles are relaxed and filling up with blood

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18
Q

Pressure gets lower the ____ it gets a way from the ____

A

Farther, heart

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19
Q

Why does blood flow slowly in the capillaries

A

Because of the exchanges it makes

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20
Q

Reasons why blood pressure would INCREASE

A

Decreased vessel diameter
Increase amount of blood
Eating fatty food
High salutes
Drugs - adrenaline etc

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21
Q

Reasons why blood pressure would DECREASE

A

increase in blood vessel diameter
Loss of blood - wound etc
Thinner blood

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22
Q

What happens when people age for diastolic and systolic and why?

A

Because the arteries become stiffer

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23
Q

Ie

A
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24
Q

What are some disorders related to the heart ?

A

Heart attack, atherosclerosis, angina

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25
What is atherosclerosis
Buildup of fatty material inside arteries making them hard causing hypertension
26
What is angina ?
Chest pain due to poor blood circulation to the heart, not enough oxygen to the heart.
27
What is angina ?
Chest pain due to poor blood circulation to the heart, not enough oxygen to the heart.
28
What is a heart attack
Blockage of the coronary arteries, reducing blood flow to the heart which carry oxygen. NO OXYGEN = HEART DIES
29
What are some causes of a heart attack
Smoking and high cholesterol
30
What is a stroke (cva)
A blood clot that lodged in a blood vessel in the branch or if a blood vessel ruptures
31
What is a stroke (cva)
A blood clot that lodged in a blood vessel in the branch or if a blood vessel ruptures
32
What is embolus
A blood clot that dislodges and later jams in another vessel
33
What are Aneurysms
Are a weak spot in an artery causing a budge in the artery wall. Instant death
34
What is plasma composed of
Plasma Proteins Glucose Vitamins Minerals Gases Waste products
35
What are the types of blood cells
Red blood cells (rbc) Platelets White blood cells (wbc)
36
What are the types of blood cells
Red blood cells (rbc) Platelets White blood cells (wbc)
37
How are blood cells produced
All bloods cells come from stem cells located in bone morrow
38
Describe the red blood cell structure
Concave disks
39
Why does red blood cells have no nucleus when mature
To carry more hemoglobin which increases the amount of oxygen being able to carry
40
What is the Red blood cells function
To carry oxygen to tissue and exchange for carbon dioxide to be respired
41
What is the Red blood cells function
To carry oxygen to tissue and exchange for carbon dioxide to be respired
42
What are some red blood cell diseases
Rbc deficiency Not enough iron = o2 decrease to cells Low energy levels
43
What are some red blood cell diseases
Rbc deficiency Not enough iron = o2 decrease to cells Low energy levels
44
What is sickle cell anemia
Hemoglobin is defective causing a red blood cells to bend into a sickle shape
45
What is hemophilia
Hemophilia is a disease that prevents platelets from being able to clot
46
What is hemophilia
Hemophilia is a disease that prevents platelets from being able to clot
47
What are pathogens
Bacteria Viruses Fungus (Bad stuff)
48
First line of defence for an infection is ___
Skin, digestive system, gas exchange, unitary system
49
Immune response steps
1. Foreign antigens enter the body causes lymphocytes to make antibodies 2. Antibodies are antigen specific 3. Antibodies attach to foreign antigens slowing the cells attached to it 4. Antibodies to clump together and make it easier for macrophages to eat them
50
What are antigens
Identification (markers)
51
What are antibodies
Y shaped proteins produced by white blood cells designed to immobilize bad guys before phagocytes eat them
52
What do macrophages do
Macrophages eat foreign pathogens
53
What do helper T cells do
Activate B cells and killer T cells and maxamize function of macrophages (tells B cells to produce antibodies)
54
What are cytotoxic (killer) T cells
Cells that kill infect somatic cells
55
What are B cells
Be cells are responsible for antibody production
56
What are memory B/T tcells
Cells that keep record of infection and speed up the immune response upon a secondary infection
57
What are suppressor T cells
Suppress immune system response (tells cells to stop)
58
What is an auto immune disease
It’s when the immune system produces antibodies against the bodies new cells
59
What is an auto immune disease
It’s when the immune system produces antibodies against the bodies new cells
60
What are vaccines
They are used for disease/viral prevention
61
What are vaccines
They are used for disease/viral prevention
62
Pros and cons of vaccinations
Pros: Prevents diseases and outbreaks Low cost Cons Hypersensitivity Side effects Dependent on booster shots Longer term effect?

Science 30 (1 decks)

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