Biology

Question 1

Deoxyribonucleic Acid

Answer 1

a.k.a DNA, a molecule that carries most of the genetic instructions
used in the development and functioning of all known living organisms.
Example Sentence: “DNA contains the instructions for building and maintaining an
organism.”

Question 2

Biome

Answer 2

A large geographic biotic unit, a major community of plants and
animals with similar life forms and environmental conditions.-
Example Sentence: “The desert biome is characterized by low precipitation and high temperatures.”

Question 3

Genotype

Answer 3

The genetic constitution of an individual organism.

Question 4

Chromosome

Answer 4

A thread-like structure of nucleic acids and proteins found in the
nucleus, carrying genetic information.

Question 5

Homogeneous

Answer 5

Of the same kind; alike

Question 6

Heterogeneous

Answer 6

Diverse in character or content

Question 7

Ion

Answer 7

An atom or molecule with a net electric charge due to the loss
or gain of one or more electrons.

Question 8

Paleontology

Answer 8

The branch of science concerned with fossil animals and
plants

Question 9

Zoology

Answer 9

The scientific study of animals.
Example Sentence: “Zoology encompasses the study of animal behavior,
physiology, and classification.”

Question 10

Epigenetics

Answer 10

The study of changes in organisms caused by modification of
gene expression rather than alteration of the genetic code itself.
Example Sentence: “Epigenetics plays a role in determining how genes
are activated or silenced during development.”

Question 11

Transcription

Answer 11

The process by which genetic information from DNA is copied
into RNA.
Example Sentence: “During transcription, RNA polymerase synthesizes a
complementary RNA strand from a DNA template.”

Question 12

Quorum Sensing

Answer 12

The ability of bacteria to communicate and coordinate behaviour
based on population density.
Example Sentence: “Bacterial quorum sensing is involved in the regulation of virulence and biofilm formation.”

Question 13

Glycolysis

Answer 13

The metabolic pathway that breaks down glucose into pyruvate,
producing ATP and NADH.
Example Sentence: “Glycolysis is the first stage of cellular respiration and
occurs in the cytoplasm.”

Question 14

Polygenic Inheritance

Answer 14

The inheritance of traits that are controlled by multiple genes.
Example Sentence: “Human height is an example of a polygenic trait influenced by the interaction of multiple genes.”

Question 15

Telomere

Answer 15

The repetitive DNA sequence at the end of a linear chromosome, therefore protecting it from deterioration.
Example Sentence: “Telomeres play a role in cellular ageing and the prevention of chromosomal fusion.”

Question 16

Phenotypic Plasticity

Answer 16

The ability of an organism to express different phenotypes in re
sponse to environmental factors.
Example Sentence: “Plant phenotypic plasticity allows them to adapt to
varying light conditions.”

Question 17

Introns

Answer 17

Non-coding regions of DNA within a gene that are transcribed
but removed during RNA processing.
Example Sentence: “Introns are spliced out during mRNA processing,
leaving only the exons to form the mature transcript.”

Question 18

Allopatric Speciation

Answer 18

The formation of new species due to geographic isolation.
Example Sentence: “Allopatric speciation occurs when a population is
separated by a physical barrier, leading to genetic divergence

Question 19

Prion

Answer 19

An infectious protein particle that causes abnormal folding of
normal cellular proteins.
Example Sentence: “Prions are implicated in neurodegenerative diseases
such as Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease.”

Question 20

Phylogenetics

Answer 20

The study of evolutionary relationships among groups of organ
isms.
Example Sentence: “Phylogenetic trees depict the evolutionary history
and relatedness of different species.”

Question 21

Eukaryogenesis

Answer 21

The process by which eukaryotic cells evolved from simpler
prokaryotic cells.
Example Sentence: “Eukaryogenesis is a complex and debated topic in
evolutionary biology.

Question 22

Symbiosis

Answer 22

A close and long-term interaction between two species may be mutually beneficial or harmful.
Example Sentence: “The relationship between clownfish and sea anemones is an example of symbiosis.”

Question 23

Cytoskeleton

Answer 23

A network of protein filaments and tubules within a cell that pro
vides structural support and facilitates cell movement.
Example Sentence: “The cytoskeleton is involved in maintaining cell
shape and organizing cellular organelles.”