biology

Question 1

The separation of alleles of a gene takes place during:

Answer 1

anaphase I of meiosis or anaphase II of meiosis

Question 2

The physical appearance of an organism for a given trait is termed:

Answer 2

phenotype

Question 3

The term dominant means that:

Answer 3

one allele can mask the expression of another in a hybrid.

Question 4

In humans, assume that brown eyes is dominant and blue eyes is recessive. If two brown-eyed individuals have a child with blue eyes, that means:

Answer 4

one allele can mask the expression of another in a hybrid.

Question 5

A brown-eyed couple already has a child with blue eyes. What is the probability that their next child will have blue eyes, assuming that brown eyes is dominant and blue eyes is recessive?

Answer 5

1/4

Question 6

An organism with the genotype of AaXx can produce gametes containing _________ if the two genes are unlinked.

Answer 6

either AX, Ax, aX, ax

Question 7

In peas, Mendel found that tall plants and yellow peas are dominant. The phenotype for a pea plant with the genotype TtYy would be:

Answer 7

tall with yellow peas

Question 8

In peas, Mendel found that tall plants and yellow peas are dominant. The phenotype for a pea plant with the genotype TTyy would be:

Answer 8

tall with green peas

Question 9

True or False? Four types of gametes can be produced from a parent with the genotype of AaBB due to independent assortment.

Answer 9

False

Question 10

The width of the nucleosomes is ____.

Answer 10

10 nm

Question 11

Which of the following is the enzyme that unzips the parent DNA in DNA replication?

Answer 11

DNA helicase

Question 12

Which of the following is true concerning DNA replication?

Answer 12

-along each eukaryotic DNA, there are more than one origins of replication
-DNA polymerase adds only to the 3’ end of the existing chain

Question 13

Which of the following is true about DNA structure?

Answer 13

-DNA is made of two polynucleotide chains
-DNA contains dCMP, dTMP, dAMP, dGMP

Question 14

What is the accuracy of DNA replication?

Answer 14

1 mistake out of 1 billion added nucleotides

Question 15

DNA polymerase has the following features:

Answer 15

it can bind more than one substrates at a time

it cannot do de novo synthesis.

it is highly accurate.

Question 16

A kidney cell knows which proteins to make because all kidney cells contain:

Answer 16

unique transcription factors that target and activate the correct genes for expression

Question 17

A sequence of DNA that signals the start of a gene and is the site where RNA polymerase binds to begin transcription is called the _.

Answer 17

promoter

Question 18

A stop codon causes _ to bind to the mRNA instead of a tRNA molecule, ending protein synthesis.

Answer 18

release factor

Question 19

During transcription, what reads the template strand within a gene and adds complementary bases?

Answer 19

RNA polymerases

Question 20

During translation, a protein is produced from the information that is encoded in _.

Answer 20

an RNA molecule

Question 21

In messenger RNA, triplets of bases that identify the corresponding amino acid monomers that will make up a protein are called _.

Answer 21

codons

Question 22

The terms 3’ and 5’ refer to numbered carbon atoms within the sugar portion of the nucleotides in sequence. At the 5’ end of the DNA double helix, the 5’ carbon has a free _.

Answer 22

phosphate group

Question 23

To begin transcription, RNA polymerase will only bind if _ bind to the promoter first.

Answer 23

transcription factors

Question 24

A female with genotype Dd is crossed to a male with genotype dd. To determine the expected offspring from this cross, you should draw:

Answer 24

a Punnett square

Question 25

If both parents contribute identical versions of a gene, then the offspring is _ for that gene.

Answer 25

homozygous

Question 26

In a Punnett square, what do the letters on the top and left outside the box represent?

Answer 26

possible gamete genotypes

Question 27

In human ABO blood types, type A is created by a dominant allele and type B is also create by a dominant allele. Individuals with both of these alleles exhibit both types, so are described as having blood type AB. This is an example of

Answer 27

codominance

Question 28

Mendel deduced the law of _, which states that alleles for one gene are randomly separated into gametes in a way that is not influenced by the separation of alleles of another gene.

Answer 28

independent assortment

Question 29

The physical characteristic determined by the combination of alleles an individual has for a particular gene is called the

Answer 29

phenotype

Question 30

The somatic (body) cells of an organism homozygous dominant for one gene locus could have genotype _____.

Answer 30

AA