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Year 9 Science > Biology > Flashcards

Biology Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Are plant and animal cells eukaryotic or prokaryotic?

A

Eukaryotic

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2
Q

What do animal cells and plant cells have in common?

A

Cell membrane, Nucleus, Cytoplasm

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3
Q

Are bacterial cells eukaryotic or prokaryotic?

A

Prokaryotic

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4
Q

Do prokaryotic cells have a nucleus?

A

No

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5
Q

How do you get from millimeters to nanometers?

A

X 1,000,000
(Million)

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6
Q

What do plasmids do?

A

provide bacteria with genetic advantages, such as antibiotic resistance

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7
Q

What 3 parts do plant cells have in addition to the parts of animal cells?

A

Cell wall, Vacuole and chloroplast

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8
Q

Name a specialised cell and how it’s specified for its purpose.

A

Sperm cells. They have enzymes in their heads to penetrate the eggs

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9
Q

What type of cells can differentiate?

A

Stem cells

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10
Q

What is cell division for?

A

Growth and repair

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11
Q

What is the formula for magnification?

A

Magnification = Size of image / Size of real object

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12
Q

Which microscope has a higher resolution? Electron or light?

A

Electron

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13
Q

Which microscope has a higher resolution? Electron or light?

A

Electron

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14
Q

What does the nucleus contain

A

Chromosomes

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15
Q

What are chromosomes made from

A

DNA

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16
Q

Are chromosomes found on their own, pairs, or threes?

A

Pairs

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17
Q

What do chromosomes carry?

A

Genes

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18
Q

Cells divide in stages. What is this process called?

A

Mitosis

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19
Q

Which pigment does a chloroplast contain?

A

Chlorophyll

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20
Q

Why do we use iodine when preparing a slide?

A

To highlight / stain the sample

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21
Q

What is cell differentiation?

A

The process where a cell changes to become specialised for it’s job

22
Q

Why can’t we see a ribosome with a light microscope?

A

They’re too small

23
Q

When does most differentiation occur in animal cells?

A

In the early stages of development

24
Q

When can most plant cells differentiate?

A

Always / Throughout their life

25
Q

What are the two types of stem cell?

A

Embryonic Stem Cells and Adult Stem Cells

26
Q

Where are embryonic stem cells found?

A

Early human embryos

27
Q

Where are adult stem cells found?

A

Bone marrow

28
Q

What is the difference between embryonic and adult stem cells?

A

Embryonic cells can differentiate into any type of cells whereas adult stem cells can only differentiate into certain cell types

29
Q

Give one disadvantage of embryonic stem cells.

A

Some believe you are harming a potential human life

30
Q

Where are stem cells found in plants?

A

The meristems / shoots / roots

31
Q

How many pairs of chromosomes do human cells contain?

A

23 pairs

32
Q

What is a gene?

A

A section of DNA that codes for a particular characteristic

33
Q

What is a chromosome?

A

A tightly coiled length on DNA

34
Q

Describe the cells produced in mitosis

A

Identical to the original cell with the same number of chromosomes

35
Q

What occurs in the first stage of the cell cycle?

A

Growth and DNA replication

36
Q

Which organelles does a cell gain more of prior to cell division

A

Ribosomes and Mitochondria

37
Q

Describe the process of mitosis.

A

The chromosomes line up in the centre of the cell. The two arms of each chromosome is pulled to opposite ends of the cell. Membranes form, becoming the nuclei. The cytoplasm and cell membrane then divides

38
Q

What is binary fission?

A

The process where prokaryotic cells replicate

39
Q

What is diffusion?

A

The movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration

40
Q

What is osmosis?

A

The movement of water molecules across a partially permeable membrane from an area of higher water concentration to an area of lower water concentration.

41
Q

In RP3, if the potato gains mass, the water concentration was….

A

Higher outside of the potato than inside

42
Q

In RP3, if the potato loses mass, the water concentration was….

A

Higher inside of the potato than outside the potato

43
Q

What is active transport?

A

Where substances are transported from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration using energy.

44
Q

Give 1 difference between diffusion and active transport

A

Diffusion doesn’t require energy / active transport requires energy / active transport moves molecules against the concentration gradient.

45
Q

Why do single-celled organisms not require exchange systems?

A

They have a large surface area to volume ratio

46
Q

Why does temperature affect the rate of diffusion?

A

Higher temperature = particles have more kinetic energy so can move quicker.

47
Q

State the three ways substances can be transported across exchange surfaces.

A

Diffusion, Osmosis and Active Transport

48
Q

Which two substances are exchanged in the lungs

A

Carbon Dioxide and Oxygen

49
Q

What is a partially permeable membrane?

A

A membrane that has small holes which small molecules can move through.

50
Q

Give 2 exchange systems in the human body.

A

Lungs (alveoli), Intestine (villi), Kidney Tubules

Year 9 Science (3 decks)

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