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Spring Finals > Biology > Flashcards

Biology Flashcards

1
Q

One reason common names are not useful to biologists is that they?

A

Can apply to more than one animal.

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2
Q

One goal of scientists is to assign every organism a universally accepted name according to the system known as?

A

Binomial Nomenclature

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3
Q

According to the rules of binomial nomenclature, which of the terms is capitalized?

A

The genus name only.

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4
Q

Based on their names, you know that the baboons Papio annubis and Papio cynocephalus do not being to the same?

A

Species

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5
Q

The second part of a scientific name is unique to each?

A

Species in its genus.

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6
Q

Often, the second part of a scientific name is?

A

A description of a trait or habitat.

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7
Q

Which are the two highest level taxa in the Linnaean system?

A

Phylum and Kingdom.

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8
Q

The grouping of organisms based on their common descent is called?

A

Evolutionary classification.

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9
Q

In biology, a trait that arose in an ancestor and is passed along to its descendants is referred to as a?

A

Derived Character.

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10
Q

All organisms in the Kingdoms Protista, Plantae, Fungi, and Animalia are?

A

Eukaryotes.

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11
Q

Which Kingdom contains heterotrophs with cell walls of chitin?

A

Fungi.

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12
Q

The domain that contains unicellular organisms that live in extreme environments is?

A

Archaea.

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13
Q

Viruses…?

A

Vary greatly in size and structure.

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14
Q

Unlike lytic viruses, lysogenic viruses do NOT?

A

Lyse the host cell right away.

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15
Q

The instructions for making new copies of a virus are?

A

Coded in either RNA or DNA.

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16
Q

How do viruses cause disease?

A

By destroying cells or affecting cellular processes.

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17
Q

During a lytic infection, the host cell?

A

Is destroyed when it bursts.

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18
Q

What is the basic structure of a virus?

A

DNA or RNA surrounded by a protein coat.

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19
Q

Viral diseases can be?

A

Prevented with vaccines but not treated with antibiotics.

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20
Q

The outer protein coat of a virus is called a?

A

Capsid.

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21
Q

What three materials make up many viruses?

A

Proteins, Nucleic acids, and lipids.

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22
Q

Viral infections can be prevented by vaccines which are?

A

Preparations of weakened or killed viruses.

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23
Q

A lytic infection concludes with the?

A

Bursting of the host cell.

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24
Q

A prophage is made of?

A

Viral DNA.

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25
Q

Bacteria and archaea differ in?

A

The makeup of their cell walls.

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26
Q

Which of the bacteria cells shown in Figure 20-2 is a coccus

A

The answer is c, but it is a spherical balls.

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27
Q

Which of the following can survive either with oxygen or without it?

A

Facultative anaerobes.

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28
Q

During what process do prokaryotes exchange genetic information?

A

Conjugation.

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29
Q

Prokaryotes that break down dead organisms and wastes are called?

A

Decomposers.

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30
Q

How do bacteria cause diseases?

A

By destroying cells and releasing toxins.

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31
Q

Bacteria that cause diseases are called?

A

Pathogens

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32
Q

An unknown disease or a well-known disease that suddenly becomes harder to control is called?

A

An emerging disease.

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33
Q

What might people do to prevent the development of more super bugs?

A

They should use antibiotics only when necessary.

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34
Q

What kind of pathogen causes clumps of misfolded proteins to form in the brain?

A

Prion.

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35
Q

Prions differ from viruses because?

A

Prions contain no DNA or RNA.

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36
Q

Protists are?

A

-Single celled eukaryotes that are not members of the plant, funji, or animal kingdoms.

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37
Q

Pseudopods are?

A

Temporary projection of cytoplasm that causes the cytoplasm to flow forward propelling the organism forward.

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38
Q

Who uses pseudopods?

A

Amebas.

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39
Q

Flagella are?

A

Long structures supported by microtubules that spin like propellers or whip back and forth to produce movement.

40
Q

Conjugation is?

A

The exchange of genetic information and then the cell goes into mitosis. Example Paramecium.

41
Q

Alternation of Generations?

A

Sexual. Example Oomycota (water mold). Two different life cycles and structures. Alternation between haploid and diploid stages.

42
Q

Water Molds?

A

Reproduce asexually by producing sporangium that contain spores.

43
Q

Phytoplankton are?

A

Small, free-floating organisms.

44
Q

Where are phytoplankton found?

A

At the surface of the oceans and lakes.

45
Q

What do phytoplankton do?

A

They carry out half of the photosynthesis on earth and are primary food source for water life like whales.

46
Q

Amoebas?

A

Capture and digest food vacuoles to temporarily store food until it is broken down by lysosomes.

47
Q

Slime Molds?

A

Are individual amebo forms that form large structures that have many nuclei called plasmodium that absorb molecules for nutrients through their cell walls and membranes.

48
Q

Trypansoma are?

A

Flagellated protist that causes African Seeping sickness.

49
Q

Fungus is>

A

Heterotrophic eukaryotes with cell walls that contain chitin.

50
Q

Fruiting Body is?

A

Reproductive structure of a fungus made of hyphae that grows from the mycelium. Common mushroom figure.

51
Q

Mycelium is?

A

Tangled mass of branching hyphae below the soil.
It remains below and is not visible.

52
Q

Decomposition by?

A

Breaking down plants and dead material fungi return nutrients and trace elements that plants remove from the soil.

53
Q

Lichens?

A

Mutualistic association between a fungus and a photosynthetic organism.

54
Q

Mycorrhizae?

A

Mutualistic relationship between a fungus and a green plant especially at the root.

55
Q

Lichens are able to survive in ________ and are usually the ______ organisms to invade a barren environment.

A

-harsh environments
-first

56
Q

Sunlight…

A

Plants use sunlight that is captures by the leaves to carry out photosynthesis.

57
Q

Ancestors of plants?

A

We’re water dwelling organisms similar to single celled green algae.

58
Q

Diploid phase?

A

2N- Sporophyte- Spore producing plant phase.

59
Q

Green Algae was the first?

A

Plant

60
Q

Green Algae is located in?

A

Aquatic or in moist areas on land.

61
Q

Green algae was the first plant because?

A

Plants are multicellular and photosynthetic.

62
Q

Bryophytes include?

A

Mosses, liverworts, and hornworms.

63
Q

What anchors bryophytes to soil.

A

Rhiziods

64
Q

Vascular Plants have phloem that is?

A

Vascular tissue that transports solutions of nutrients and carbohydrates made from photosynthesis.

65
Q

Seed?

A

Plant embryo and a food supply, encased in a protective covering.

66
Q

Gametophytes?

A

N develop in reproductive structures called cones.

67
Q

The male gametophyte is contained where?

A

In the pollen grain made in the male cone.

68
Q

Angiosperms are?

A

Plants that bear their seeds in a layer of tissue that protects the seeds flowering plant.

69
Q

Ovaries are tissues that develop into fruit and?

A

Protects the seeds after fertilization.

70
Q

Annuals have a life span of?

A

1 year.

71
Q

Animals are heterotrophs meaning they?

A

Obtain nutrients and energy by eating other organisms.

72
Q

Animals are multicellular so they have cell membranes but lack?

A

Cell Walls.

73
Q

Animals are eukaryotic which means?

A

They contain a nucleus and membranes bound organelles.

74
Q

Some animals are invertebrates meaning they lack?

A

A backbone or vertebral column

75
Q

What percent of animals are invertebrates?

A

95%

76
Q

Invertebrates include?

A

Seastars, worms, jellyfish, and insects.

77
Q

Chordates are from the phylum chordata and what percent?

A

Fewer than 5%

78
Q

Pharyngeal pouches are?

A

Paired structures in the throat again.

78
Q

Chordates have tails that extend from the?

A

Anus.

79
Q

Pharyngeal pouches in fish may develop into?

A

Gills used for gas exchange.

80
Q

Nervous system or nerve cells gather?

A

Info and respond to information.

81
Q

Muscle tissues help produce movement by?

A

Shortening when stimulated by the nervous system.

82
Q

Muscles work with the skeleton system to coordinate?

A

Movement.

83
Q

Vertebrates skeleton is internal and made of?

A

Bones.

84
Q

Invertebrates can be?

A

Outside.

85
Q

Some animals can reproduce asexually and allows animals to increase in number but they are genetically identical. What is this called?

A

Budding.

86
Q

What four similar tissues do most animals have?

A

a) Epithelial
b) Muscle
c) Connective
d) Nervous

87
Q

What is radial symmetry?

A

When body parts extend outward from the center with many lines of symmetry( many ways to divide in half) Example… Starfish.

88
Q

What is Bilateral Symmetry?

A

When the body can divide into right and left sides that are mirror images.

89
Q

What is the upper-dorsal?

A

The back portion. Ex…Dorsal fin of a dolphin.

90
Q

What is the endoderm?

A

The inner most layer, develop into digestive tract respiratory systems.

91
Q

What is a Coelem?

A

Body Cavity ( a fluid space between the digestive tract and body wall) completely lined with mesoderm. Ex… earthworm.

92
Q

What is a zygote?

A

Fertilized egg.

93
Q

What is the blastula?

A

The fertilized egg that develops into a hollow ball of cells.

94
Q

What is segmentation?

A

Internal or external body parts repeat on each side of the body like legs or arms.

95
Q

Appendages can vary in species. Forelimbs include?

A

i. Human arms
ii. Dolphin flippers
III.Wings of birds

Spring Finals (1 decks)

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