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Spring Finals > Biology > Flashcards

Biology Flashcards

1
Q

One reason common names are not useful to biologists is that they?

A

Can apply to more than one animal.

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2
Q

One goal of scientists is to assign every organism a universally accepted name according to the system known as?

A

Binomial Nomenclature

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3
Q

According to the rules of binomial nomenclature, which of the terms is capitalized?

A

The genus name only.

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4
Q

Based on their names, you know that the baboons Papio annubis and Papio cynocephalus do not being to the same?

A

Species

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5
Q

The second part of a scientific name is unique to each?

A

Species in its genus.

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6
Q

Often, the second part of a scientific name is?

A

A description of a trait or habitat.

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7
Q

Which are the two highest level taxa in the Linnaean system?

A

Phylum and Kingdom.

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8
Q

The grouping of organisms based on their common descent is called?

A

Evolutionary classification.

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9
Q

In biology, a trait that arose in an ancestor and is passed along to its descendants is referred to as a?

A

Derived Character.

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10
Q

All organisms in the Kingdoms Protista, Plantae, Fungi, and Animalia are?

A

Eukaryotes.

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11
Q

Which Kingdom contains heterotrophs with cell walls of chitin?

A

Fungi.

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12
Q

The domain that contains unicellular organisms that live in extreme environments is?

A

Archaea.

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13
Q

Viruses…?

A

Vary greatly in size and structure.

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14
Q

Unlike lytic viruses, lysogenic viruses do NOT?

A

Lyse the host cell right away.

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15
Q

The instructions for making new copies of a virus are?

A

Coded in either RNA or DNA.

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16
Q

How do viruses cause disease?

A

By destroying cells or affecting cellular processes.

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17
Q

During a lytic infection, the host cell?

A

Is destroyed when it bursts.

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18
Q

What is the basic structure of a virus?

A

DNA or RNA surrounded by a protein coat.

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19
Q

Viral diseases can be?

A

Prevented with vaccines but not treated with antibiotics.

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20
Q

The outer protein coat of a virus is called a?

A

Capsid.

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21
Q

What three materials make up many viruses?

A

Proteins, Nucleic acids, and lipids.

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22
Q

Viral infections can be prevented by vaccines which are?

A

Preparations of weakened or killed viruses.

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23
Q

A lytic infection concludes with the?

A

Bursting of the host cell.

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24
Q

A prophage is made of?

A

Viral DNA.

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25
Bacteria and archaea differ in?
The makeup of their cell walls.
26
Which of the bacteria cells shown in Figure 20-2 is a coccus
The answer is c, but it is a spherical balls.
27
Which of the following can survive either with oxygen or without it?
Facultative anaerobes.
28
During what process do prokaryotes exchange genetic information?
Conjugation.
29
Prokaryotes that break down dead organisms and wastes are called?
Decomposers.
30
How do bacteria cause diseases?
By destroying cells and releasing toxins.
31
Bacteria that cause diseases are called?
Pathogens
32
An unknown disease or a well-known disease that suddenly becomes harder to control is called?
An emerging disease.
33
What might people do to prevent the development of more super bugs?
They should use antibiotics only when necessary.
34
What kind of pathogen causes clumps of misfolded proteins to form in the brain?
Prion.
35
Prions differ from viruses because?
Prions contain no DNA or RNA.
36
Protists are?
-Single celled eukaryotes that are not members of the plant, funji, or animal kingdoms.
37
Pseudopods are?
Temporary projection of cytoplasm that causes the cytoplasm to flow forward propelling the organism forward.
38
Who uses pseudopods?
Amebas.
39
Flagella are?
Long structures supported by microtubules that spin like propellers or whip back and forth to produce movement.
40
Conjugation is?
The exchange of genetic information and then the cell goes into mitosis. Example Paramecium.
41
Alternation of Generations?
Sexual. Example Oomycota (water mold). Two different life cycles and structures. Alternation between haploid and diploid stages.
42
Water Molds?
Reproduce asexually by producing sporangium that contain spores.
43
Phytoplankton are?
Small, free-floating organisms.
44
Where are phytoplankton found?
At the surface of the oceans and lakes.
45
What do phytoplankton do?
They carry out half of the photosynthesis on earth and are primary food source for water life like whales.
46
Amoebas?
Capture and digest food vacuoles to temporarily store food until it is broken down by lysosomes.
47
Slime Molds?
Are individual amebo forms that form large structures that have many nuclei called plasmodium that absorb molecules for nutrients through their cell walls and membranes.
48
Trypansoma are?
Flagellated protist that causes African Seeping sickness.
49
Fungus is>
Heterotrophic eukaryotes with cell walls that contain chitin.
50
Fruiting Body is?
Reproductive structure of a fungus made of hyphae that grows from the mycelium. Common mushroom figure.
51
Mycelium is?
Tangled mass of branching hyphae below the soil. It remains below and is not visible.
52
Decomposition by?
Breaking down plants and dead material fungi return nutrients and trace elements that plants remove from the soil.
53
Lichens?
Mutualistic association between a fungus and a photosynthetic organism.
54
Mycorrhizae?
Mutualistic relationship between a fungus and a green plant especially at the root.
55
Lichens are able to survive in ________ and are usually the ______ organisms to invade a barren environment.
-harsh environments -first
56
Sunlight...
Plants use sunlight that is captures by the leaves to carry out photosynthesis.
57
Ancestors of plants?
We're water dwelling organisms similar to single celled green algae.
58
Diploid phase?
2N- Sporophyte- Spore producing plant phase.
59
Green Algae was the first?
Plant
60
Green Algae is located in?
Aquatic or in moist areas on land.
61
Green algae was the first plant because?
Plants are multicellular and photosynthetic.
62
Bryophytes include?
Mosses, liverworts, and hornworms.
63
What anchors bryophytes to soil.
Rhiziods
64
Vascular Plants have phloem that is?
Vascular tissue that transports solutions of nutrients and carbohydrates made from photosynthesis.
65
Seed?
Plant embryo and a food supply, encased in a protective covering.
66
Gametophytes?
N develop in reproductive structures called cones.
67
The male gametophyte is contained where?
In the pollen grain made in the male cone.
68
Angiosperms are?
Plants that bear their seeds in a layer of tissue that protects the seeds flowering plant.
69
Ovaries are tissues that develop into fruit and?
Protects the seeds after fertilization.
70
Annuals have a life span of?
1 year.
71
Animals are heterotrophs meaning they?
Obtain nutrients and energy by eating other organisms.
72
Animals are multicellular so they have cell membranes but lack?
Cell Walls.
73
Animals are eukaryotic which means?
They contain a nucleus and membranes bound organelles.
74
Some animals are invertebrates meaning they lack?
A backbone or vertebral column
75
What percent of animals are invertebrates?
95%
76
Invertebrates include?
Seastars, worms, jellyfish, and insects.
77
Chordates are from the phylum chordata and what percent?
Fewer than 5%
78
Pharyngeal pouches are?
Paired structures in the throat again.
78
Chordates have tails that extend from the?
Anus.
79
Pharyngeal pouches in fish may develop into?
Gills used for gas exchange.
80
Nervous system or nerve cells gather?
Info and respond to information.
81
Muscle tissues help produce movement by?
Shortening when stimulated by the nervous system.
82
Muscles work with the skeleton system to coordinate?
Movement.
83
Vertebrates skeleton is internal and made of?
Bones.
84
Invertebrates can be?
Outside.
85
Some animals can reproduce asexually and allows animals to increase in number but they are genetically identical. What is this called?
Budding.
86
What four similar tissues do most animals have?
a) Epithelial b) Muscle c) Connective d) Nervous
87
What is radial symmetry?
When body parts extend outward from the center with many lines of symmetry( many ways to divide in half) Example... Starfish.
88
What is Bilateral Symmetry?
When the body can divide into right and left sides that are mirror images.
89
What is the upper-dorsal?
The back portion. Ex...Dorsal fin of a dolphin.
90
What is the endoderm?
The inner most layer, develop into digestive tract respiratory systems.
91
What is a Coelem?
Body Cavity ( a fluid space between the digestive tract and body wall) completely lined with mesoderm. Ex... earthworm.
92
What is a zygote?
Fertilized egg.
93
What is the blastula?
The fertilized egg that develops into a hollow ball of cells.
94
What is segmentation?
Internal or external body parts repeat on each side of the body like legs or arms.
95
Appendages can vary in species. Forelimbs include?
i. Human arms ii. Dolphin flippers III.Wings of birds

Spring Finals (1 decks)

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