Biology

Question 1

Name 3 types of micro-organisms

Answer 1

Bacteria, fungi, viruses

Question 2

Which micro-organisms are the smallest

Answer 2

Viruses

Question 3

State 3 uses of micro-organisms

Answer 3

Make antibiotics, make cheese and yogurt, make bread, break down waste materials

Question 4

Which type of micro-organism is used in the baking and brewing industrys

Answer 4

Yeast

Question 5

Which micro-organism is used in the dairy industry to make yogurt

Answer 5

Bacteria

Question 6

What temperature do microbes grow best

Answer 6

Warmer temperatures, about 20⁰c

Question 7

State 3 safety rules to help prevent food poisoning

Answer 7

Wash hands before touching food, keep food in a fridge, reheat to at least 63⁰c

Question 8

Why do Petri Dishes containing micro-organisms need to be kept closed

Answer 8

To prevent microbes escaping or prevent contamination

Question 9

List three times when our hands should be washed to avoid infection

Answer 9

After using the toilet, playing outside, changing a nappy, touching pets,
before preparing food

Question 10

State four ways infectious diseases can enter our bodies

Answer 10

Respiratory system, Skin, Reproductive system, Digestive system

Question 11

Name 3 different sources of infection

Answer 11

Infected people, pets, unclean surfaces

Question 12

Which two groups of people are most at risk from infection

Answer 12

Elderly people, young people, people on medicine

Question 13

State three ways the spread of infection can be prevented

Answer 13

Isolate infected people, take care with raw food, dispose of soiled
nappies appropriately

Question 14

State three things blood is made up of

Answer 14

Cells, protein fragments, plasma

Question 15

Name three things that can be carried in the blood plasma

Answer 15

Red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, food and wastes

Question 16

Name the two types of white blood cell involved in fighting infection,
and state what they do.

Answer 16

Phagocytes – phagocytosis – engulf / eat bacteria
Lymphocytes – produce antibodies

Question 17

name 5 shapes of bacteria

Answer 17

cocci, spirilla, bacilli, vibrios, spirochaetes

Question 18

What are antibiotics

Answer 18

Medicines / drugs which kill / prevent the growth of harmful bacteria

Question 19

State three ways we can prevent bacterial infections from becoming life threatening

Answer 19

Only use antibiotics prescribed by a doctor, always finish the course,
don’t use antibiotics for simple coughs and colds

Question 20

what is spiral bacteria called

Answer 20

spirilla

Question 21

What are antigens

Answer 21

A unique molecule on the surface of a microbe

Question 22

What are vaccines usually made from

Answer 22

A weakened or in-active form of the microbe which makes us ill

Question 23

What is an allergen

Answer 23

Any substance which triggers an allergic reaction

Question 24

List three symptoms of allergies

Answer 24

Sneezing, Runny nose, itchy eyes, wheezing, rashes

Question 25

What bacteria is spherical

Answer 25

Cocci

Question 26

What bacteria is shaped like a rod

Answer 26

Bacilli

Question 27

What type of bacteria is like a rod with a tail

Answer 27

Vibros

Question 28

What bacteria is like a corkscrew

Answer 28

Spirochaetes

Question 29

Can viruses reproduce on their own

Answer 29

No they can’t

Question 30

Name the process by which bacteria reproduce

Answer 30

Binary fission

Question 31

What are viruses made from

Answer 31

Nucleic acic (rna or dna) and a protein coat

Question 32

When is a virus alive

Answer 32

Never

Question 33

What is the process from changing milk to yogurt called

Answer 33

Lactic acid fermentation

Question 34

Why would it take longer to make yogurt 20° than at 40°

Answer 34

If it’s too low it won’t ferment and if it’s too high it will let kill the good bacteria so 40⁰c is a good temperature

Question 35

Why do you have to use a sterile spoon to stir the mixture

Answer 35

So that no other bacteria gets in

Question 36

What does yeast produce

Answer 36

Carbon dioxide

Question 37

Sterilising process

Answer 37

Aseptic technique

Question 38

What aseptic techniques can you use when preparing a plate streak

Answer 38

Dragging the loop on it

Question 39

A disease causing microbe

Answer 39

Pathogea

Question 40

Process where a phagocyte engulfs a pathogen

Answer 40

Phagocytosis

Question 41

Used to prevent infection, not treat it

Answer 41

Vaccine

Question 42

Antibodies bind to these

Answer 42

Antigens

Question 43

The process of fermentation involves the breakdown of ? into lactic acid

Answer 43

Lactose

Question 44

When antibiotics no longer have an effect on bacteria they are said to be

Answer 44

Resistant

Question 45

During bread and beer making fermentation produces carbon dioxide and

Answer 45

Ethanol