Biology Flashcards
Asexual reproduction
Reproducing without sex
Advantages of asexual reproduction
Makes offspring quickly and no partner needed
Disadvantages of asexual reproduction
All offspring are the same, cannot adapt and change, 1 disease can take out population
Asexual reproduction process
1 parent created offspring that are identical copies of themselves
Mitosis
A form of asexual reproduction
Sexual reproduction
Reproducing with sex
Sexual reproduction process
Combine genetic material from 2 parents that create an offspring that is genetically different
Zygote
Offspring/babies
Advantages of sexual reproduction
Allows variation, provided foundation for evolution, and allows species to adapt to changes in the environment
Diploid
A cell that contains 2 copies of each chromosome
Haploid
A cell that contains a singular set of chromosomes
Alleles
Different forms of genes for a single trait
Dominant
Gene that is always expressed
Heterozygous
Genotypes made of two different alleles
Homozygous
Genotypes made of the same alleles
Recessive
Gene that is expressed only in the homozygous state
Genotype
Genetic makeup of a gene
Phenotype
The physical appearance of the trait based on the genotype
Dominance rule
The dominant allele masks the recessive allele
Bands on homologous chromosomes
Genes
Letters in homologous chromosomes
Allele
Genes
Sections of DNA that code for a certain trait
Codominance
A type of inheritance that includes two versions of alleles of the same gene that are expressed separately (combination of two versions of alleles)
Sex cells
Gametes
