Biology

Question 1

hierarchy

Answer 1

Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species

Question 2

water polarity

Answer 2

allows for hydrogen bonding between molecules
results in benefit of high specific heat, strong cohesive and adhesive properties, formation of lattice crystal, and universal solvent

Question 3

high specific heat

Answer 3

amount of heat necessary to raise the temperature of
1 gram of that molecule by 1° Celsius
allows water to resist changes in temp = stabilize climates

Question 4

cohesion

Answer 4

ability of a molecule to stay bonded or attracted to another molecule of same substance

Question 5

adhesion

Answer 5

ability of water to bond to or attract other molecules or substances

Question 6

lattice crystal

Answer 6

when water freezes, forms this crystal causing molecules to spread apart and into ice floating in water. water is unique as most substances will pack tighter, not together

Question 7

organelles of the cell

Answer 7

nucleus
ribosomes
endoplasmic reticulum
Golgi apparatus
lysosomes
vacuoles
mitochondria
chloroplasts
membrane

Question 8

nucleus

Answer 8

contains the DNA of cell in the chromosomes (organized masses)
C will contain all the genetic info needed for regeneration and instructions for function of cell

Question 9

ribosomes

Answer 9

organelle that reads the RNA produced and translate the genetic instructions to produce proteins
either bound to ER or free floating in cytoplasm, both have different roles

Question 10

endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 10

rough ER: attached with ribosomes, responsible for protein synthesis and membrane production
smooth ER: lacks ribosomes, works as detoxification and metabolism of multiple molecules

Question 11

Golgi apparatus

Answer 11

packages, processes, ships proteins from ER throughout the cell

Question 12

lysosomes

Answer 12

where intracellular digestion takes place, can hydrolyze proteins, fats, sugars, and nucleic acids

Question 13

vacuoles

Answer 13

different functions depending on cell
phagocytosis: uptake food through mem, creating food vacuole
in plant cells, is storage, waste disposal, protection and hydrolysis

Question 14

mitochondria

Answer 14

found in eukaryotes and is the site of cellular respiration

Question 15

chloroplasts

Answer 15

found in plants, the site of photosynthesis

Question 16

cell membrane

Answer 16

protection, communication, and passage of substances into and out of the cell
phospholipid bilayer creates a hydrophobic region between the two layers = selectively permeable

Question 17

cellular respiration

Answer 17

C6H12O6 + 6O2 –> 6CO2 +6H2O
catabolic pathway that leads to cellular energy production