Biology

Question 1

Genotype

Answer 1

particular combination of alleles

Question 2

Phenotype

Answer 2

physical, physiological, and behavioral characteristics

Question 3

What does natural selection rely on?

Answer 3

An organisms traits

Question 4

In what format should allele frequency be shown?

Answer 4

Percentage

Question 5

What is allele frequency?

Answer 5

the number of times an allele occurs in a gene pool, compared to the total number of alleles in that pool for the same gene

Question 6

In a gene pool, what genes and alleles do you count?

Answer 6

All of them! You count all of the genes and their alleles no matter the allele combination

Question 7

Three evolutionary mechanics that allow for genetic vatiation

Answer 7

1. Mutation
2. Genetic recombination
3. Lateral gene transfer

Question 8

Mutation

Answer 8

A change in a gene or chromosome.

Question 9

Genetic recombination

Answer 9

The regrouping of genes in an offspring that results in a genetic makeup that is different from that of the parents.

Question 10

lateral gene transfer

Answer 10

The transfer of genes from one species to another, common among bacteria and archaea.

Question 11

What is a polygenic trait?

Answer 11

trait controlled by two or more genes

Question 12

What is fitness?

Answer 12

ability to survive and reproduce

Question 13

Natural selection on single gene traits

Answer 13

Changes allele frequencies of phenotypes

Question 14

Natural selection on polygenic gene traits results in one of the following

Answer 14

1. Directional Selection

Question 15

directional selection

Answer 15

Form of natural selection in which the entire curve moves; occurs when individuals at one end of a distribution curve have higher fitness than individuals in the middle or at the other end of the curve

Question 16

stabilizing selection

Answer 16

Natural selection that favors intermediate variants by acting against extreme phenotypes

Question 17

disruptive selection

Answer 17

form of natural selection in which a single curve splits into two; occurs when individuals at the upper and lower ends of a distribution curve have higher fitness than individuals near the middle

Question 18

Genetic drift

Answer 18

A change in the allele frequency of a population as a result of chance events rather than natural selection.

Question 19

Founder effect

Answer 19

change in allele frequencies as a result of the migration of a small subgroup of a population

Question 20

Hardy-Weinberg Principal

Answer 20

principle that allele frequencies in a population will remain constant unless one or more factors cause it to change.