Biology Flashcards
Respiration in absence of oxygen
Glucose to pyruvate to ethanol and co2 and Energy
Happens in yeast
Respiration in lack of oxygen
Glucose to pyruvate to lactic acid plus energy
Happens in our muscle cells
Respiration in presence of oxygen
Glucose to pyruvate to carbon dioxide plus water plus energy
Happens in mitchondria
Pulmonary circuit
RV to PA to lungs to PV to LA
Systemic circuit
LV to Aorta to Organs to Vena cava to RA
Protection of brain
Cranium
Meninges (3 membranes)
Cerebrospinal fluid
Forebrain parts
Cerebrum
Thalamus
Hypothalamus
Hindbrain parts
Pons
Medulla oblongata
Cerebellum
Cerebrum function
Largest part of brain
Voluntary actions
Thalamus function
Coordinating centre for sensory and motor signaling
Hypothalamus function
Regulates temperature hunger thirst
Regulation of behavior emotions
Cerebellum
Responsible for balance of the body and posture
Precision of voluntary actions
Medulla functions
Involuntary functions
Breathing heartbeat digestion BP
Pons function
sleep cycle
Relays information
Midbrain function
Processing of visual and auditory information
Types of movement in plants
Nastic movement(non directional)
Tropic movement (directional)
Plant growth promoter hormones
Auxin
Gibberlin
Cytokinin
Growth inhibitor plant hormones
Absissic acid
Ethylene
Stress hormone in plants
Absissic acid inhibits growth, wilting of leafs
Auxin
elongation of plant
Gibberellin
Growth of stem
Cytokinin
Promotes cell division
Ethylene
Ripening of fruit
It is a gaseous hormone
Pituitary gland
Called master gland
Located at base of brain
Growth hormone, thyroid stimulating hormone produced
Thyroid gland
Located at neck
Thyroxine produced, helps in controlling metabolism
Iodine required
Deficiency of iodine in diet
Required for thyroxine hormone
Causes giotre
Adrenal gland
Adrenaline hormone
Fight or flight
Pancreas
Insulin and glucagon
Regulates blood glucose levels
Mixed gland
Testis
Testosterone
Ovary
Estrogen
Stomach
Digestion of protein
Small intestine
Digestion of carbohydrates proteins fat
Liver function
Produces bile juice which makes food alkaline from stomach and emulsification of fat
Pancreas
Secretes pancreatic juice
Contains trypsin for digesting proteins and lipase for breaking down emulsified fat
What happens to food in small intestine
Protein to amino acids
Complex carbohydrates to glucose
Fats to fatty acids
Pea plant scientific name
Pisum sativum
Why pea plant
7 contrasting traits
Short life span
Self or cross pollination
Produces large number of offsprings
Traits of pea plant
Plant height Tall dwarf
Pod shape inflated constricted
Seed shape round wrinkled
Seed color yellow green
Flower position axial terminal
Flower color purple white
Pod color green yellow
Law of dominance
If the pair is heterozygous, one trait will dominate the other
Law of segregation
At the time of gamete formation, the gametes separate and unite back on formation of xygote
Law of independent assortment
Transfer of one character is independent of other character
Binary Fission
Happens in amoeba
Divides into two or more daughter cells
Multiple fission
Amoeba during unfavorable conditions
Budding
Hydra yeast
Fragmentation
Spirogyra
Regeneration
Hydra, Planaria, starfish
Spore formation
Fungi
Advantages of vegetative propagation
Faster and earlier than seeds
Genetically similar
Plants that cannot produce seeds can be propagated
Double fertilization
In flower
One sperm gamete fertilizes nuclei and another forms zygote
Fruit formation
Ovary developed to fruit
Ovule to seed
What happens to food in mouth
Starch gets broken to maltose
