biology

Question 1

What are the building blocks of DNA?

Answer 1

DNA is made up of millions of monomers called nucleotide.

Question 2

What does a nucleotide consist of?

Answer 2

Phosphate group, pentose sugar and nitrogenous base.

Question 3

What structure is DNA in?

Answer 3

DNA is arranged in a double helix.

Question 4

what components make up the backbone?

Answer 4

The phosphate and the sugar form the backbone.

Question 5

What component makes up the DNA ladder called “rungs”

Answer 5

The base form the rungs.

Question 6

How many nitrogenous bases are there?

Answer 6

There are four types of nitrogenous bases.

Question 7

What are the four nitrogenous bases called?

Answer 7

Adenine, thymine, cytosine and Guanine.

Question 8

what is a complementary base pairing?

Answer 8

complementary base pairing means each base will only bond with one other specific base.

Question 9

What is a gene?

Answer 9

Genes are sections of a chromosome the code for a specific protein.

Question 10

Where is the DNA found?

Answer 10

DNA is found in nucleus.

Question 10

``What is the significance of a protein?

Answer 10

The proteins give us traits.

Question 11

How is the info organised?

Answer 11

the information is organised into units called genes, which are found on chromosomes.

Question 11

How many pairs of chromosomes do humans have and their total?

Answer 11

Human body cells have 23 pairs of chromosomes and 46 total.

Question 12

What is gametes?

Answer 12

Gametes are the reproduction of sex cells (sperm/egg).

Question 12

What does diploid mean?

Answer 12

Diploid is a pair set of chromosome in somatic cells.

Question 13

What is the somatic cell?

Answer 13

Somatic cells are cells in the body cells except sex cells. eg: Skin and cheek cells.

Question 14

What does haploid mean?

Answer 14

Haploid is the possession of one copy of each chromosome per cell.

Question 15

What is an autosome?

Answer 15

Any chromosome not involved in sex determination.

Question 16

What is sex chromosome?

Answer 16

The chromosomes that determine an individuals sex.

Question 17

What is an allele?

Answer 17

The different version/forms of a gene.

Question 18

What are dominant alleles?

Answer 18

Alleles will always be expressed when they are present. (B)

Question 19

what are recessive alleles?

Answer 19

Expressed when there are two recessive alleles. (b)

Question 20

What is a genotype?

Answer 20

The alleles that a person has.

Question 21

What is a phenotype?

Answer 21

The trait that is seen.

Question 22

What does homologous?

Answer 22

The same (BB or bb)

Question 23

what does Hetrozygous mean?

Answer 23

the opposite (Bb)

Question 24

What is karyotype?

Answer 24

A karyotype is the visualisation of an individuals collection of chromosommes.

Question 24

What is karyotype used for?

Answer 24

The karyotype is used to look for abnormal numbers of structures of chromosomes.

Question 25

What is downsyndrome?

Answer 25

Down syndrome is trisomy.

Question 25

what does homologeous mean?

Answer 25

Homologeous chromosomes are the same size shape and carry the same gene from both parents.

Question 25

What is turners syndrome?

Answer 25

Turner syndrome is only monosomy.

Question 26

What is klinefelters syndrome?

Answer 26

when an individual has an extra x.

Question 27

What is a pedigree?

Answer 27

A pedigree is a chart of the genetic history of family over several generations.

Question 28

What do the symbols mean?

Answer 28

Female- circle Male- square

Question 28

How to determine if the pedigree chart shows an x-linked disease?

Answer 28

• If it is a 50/50 ratio between men and women the disorder is autosomal.
• if most of the males in the pedigree are affected the disorder is x-linked.

Question 29

How to determine whether the disorder is dominant or recessive?

Answer 29

• If the disorder is dominant , one of the parents must have the disorder.
• If the disorder is recessive, neither parent has to have the disorder because they can be hetrozygous.

Question 30

How to denote the generations

Answer 30

By roman numerals

Question 31

What are proteins?

Answer 31

They are large very complex molecules necessary for every living organism.

Question 32

What are the building blocks of protein?

Answer 32

Amino Acids (AA)

Question 33

how are proteins unique?

Answer 33

Each protein has a specific function and shape.

Question 34

What does DNA stand for?

Answer 34

Deoxynucleic acid

Question 35

Where a proteins created?

Answer 35

In ribosomes

Question 36

Why do we need to convert DNA?

Answer 36

it is to big to leave the nucleus

Question 37

What is DNA converted to?

Answer 37

messenger mRNA

Question 38

What does RNA stand for?

Answer 38

Ribose nucleic acids.

Question 39

What is the process called to get DNA to mRNA?

Answer 39

Transcription

Question 40

What is the enzyme involved in transcription?

Answer 40

RNA Polymerase

Question 41

What is the role of RNA polymerase ?

Answer 41

To read the DNA and build the mRNA strand.

Question 42

What is a genetic cross?

Answer 42

A mechanism to measure the probability of all outcomes.

Question 43

What is a punnet square?

Answer 43

a table in which all of the possible outcomes for a genetic cross between two individuals with known genotypes are given.

Question 44

What does pure mean?

Answer 44

100% and always will be homozygous