biology 151 Flashcards
group of organisms that are physically similar and can interbreed in nature
species
life can be spontaneously generated
false
everything living is made of cells, all cells come from other cells
The cell theory
contain only 1 type of atom
element
number of protons
atomic number
protons + neutrons
atomic mass
what makes up the nucleus of an atom
protons and neutrons
atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons
isotopes
electrically charged atoms
ions
electron energy level
shell
what is the maximum amount of electrons that can be in an outer valence shell, most stable
8
atoms combined into a single unit
molecule
when two atoms share electrons
covalent bond
outermost orbital electrons
valence electrons
outermost orbitals merge into…
molecular orbitals
bond formed by unequal sharing of electrons
polar covalent bond
difference in ability of atoms to attract electrons
electronegativity
bond between atoms with nearly the same electronegativity
nonpolar covalent bond
bond between oppositely charged ions
ionic bond
has - end and + end
polar molecule
water loving, often polar
hydrophilic
water fearing, often nonpolar
hydrophobic
capable of dissolving many substances (ex: water)
solvent
polar molecules like water exclude nonpolar ones
hydrophobic effect
