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Lia's general study > Biology > Flashcards

Biology Flashcards

1
Q

What is a cell surface membrane?

A

A thin skin around the cell which controls what goes in and out and holds the cell together

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2
Q

What are mitochondria?

A

Tiny structures within a cell where most of the reactions for aerobic respiration take place. Respiration releases energy for the cell.

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3
Q

What is the nucleus?

A

Structure that contains the DNA of a cell, controls what the cell does.

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4
Q

What is the cytoplasm?

A

Jelly-like substance where most chemical reactions happen.

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5
Q

What is the cell wall? (plant)

A

Rigid outer coating made of cellulose, gives support to the cell.

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6
Q

What is a permanent fluid-filled vacuole? (plant)

A

Weak solution of sugar and salts–> cell sap

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7
Q

What are chloroplasts?

A

Structures which contain chlorophyll, a green dye used for photosynthesis- makes food for the plant.

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8
Q

What is an organ system?

A

system consisting of several organs working together to perform 1+ functions

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9
Q

What are the seven life processes?

A
  • Reproduction
    -Sensitivity (Response, reaction)
    -Growth
  • Excretion
    -Nutrition
    -Respiration
    -Movement
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10
Q

What are carbohydrates used for?

A
  • fuel for the body- provides it with glucose molecules
    —> release all the energy it needs through respiration
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11
Q

What are proteins used for?

A

Raw materials for growth and repair of damaged tissue

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11
Q

What are lipids used for?

A

-Insulation (warmth)
- Energy store if body runs out of carbs.

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12
Q

What are minerals used for?

A

-Iron=blood
-Calcium=bones
- Sodium= nerve cells

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12
Q

What are Vitamins (small amounts) used for?

A

Keep vital processes happening.

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13
Q

What is fibre used for?

A

Keep food moving through digestive system, prevent constipation

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14
Q

What is water used for?

A

-Body is 60 percent
- All chemical reactions, e.g digestion, take place in water

14
Q

Vit. C deficiency consequences?

A

Scurvy- problems with skin, joints and gums

14
Q

Calcium deficiency consequences?

A

Osteoporosis- bones less dense, more likely to fracture
- Rickets(kids)- Weak and soft bones.

15
Q

What happens if you eat too little?

A

-If needed energy is not supplied, the body will use up lipid stores.
- Lose weight, tired and weak
- Eventual starvation

16
Q

What happens if you eat too much?

A
  • Extra energy stored as fat, put on weight
  • Risk to health –> obese
  • Health problems such as high blood pressure, heart disease.
17
Q

Too much saturated fat?

A

Increased blood cholesterol level –> high risk of heart disease

17
Q

Food test method?

A
  1. Break up sample with pestle and mortar
  2. Beaker, distilled water
  3. Stir to dissolve some food
  4. Get rid of solid bits using filtration
18
Q

What solution tests for sugar? What happens when contained?

A

Benedict’s solution, heated, goes from blue to green to orange to red if present. More change= more sugar.

18
Q

What drug does tobacco contain, and what are its adverse side effects?

A

Nicotine(makes it addictive and pleasureable), the smoke in tobacco contains chemicals like tar which can damage the lungs.

19
Q

What solution tests for starch?

A

Iodine solution, goes from rust colour to dark blue-black if present.

19
Q

What solution tests for proteins?

A

Biuret solution, gently shake after same amount of sample and solution achieved, goes from light blue to purple if present.

19
Q

What is the word equation for fermentation? (Plant anaerobic resp.)

A

Glucose -> Ethanol+ Carbon dioxide (ENERGY)

20
Q

What tests for lipids?

A

Emulsion test, ethanol+ sample until dissolves, pour into water. If present, shows up as milky emulsion.

20
Q

What is the word equation for Anaerobic respiration?

A

Glucose-> Lactic acid (ENERGY)

21
Q

What is the word equation for aerobic respiration?

A

REVERSE of Photosynthesis. Glucose+Oxygen–> Carbon dioxide+ water

22
Q

How does the respiratory system work, step by step?

A

Air enters the body through mouth and nose, Air moves down the trachea (windpipe), Air moves down a bronchus (smaller tube), air moves through a bronchiole, Air moves into an alveolus, Oxygen then diffuses into the blood

23
Q

What are joints?

A

Where two or more bones join together. Most are flexible.

23
Q

Hinge joints?

A

Movements backwards and forwards e.g knee and elbow

24
Q

ball-and-socket joints?

A

movement in all directions, e.g hip and shoulder

25
Q

Fixed joints?

A

Do not allow any movement, e.g the skull.

26
Q
A

Lia's general study (3 decks)

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