Biology Flashcards
Unit 05 Revision
What are the 4 chambers of the heart?
Right atrium, Left atrium, Right ventricle, Left ventricle
Which valve is on the right side of the heart?
Tricuspid valve
What is the function of the tricuspid valve?
To control the flow of blood from the right atrium to the right ventricle
Which valve is on the left side of the heart?
Bicuspid valve
What is the function of the bicuspid valve?
Controls the flow of blood from the left ventricle to the aorta
What is the function of the right pulmonary artery?
Carries deoxygenated blood to the right lung
What is the function of the aorta?
Carries deoxygenated blood from the left ventricle to the rest of the body
What is the function of the left pulmonary artery?
Carries deoxygenated blood to the left lung
What is the function of semilunar valve?
Prevents backflow of blood from aorta to ventricles
Function of the Septum?
Cardiac muscle that divides the left and right side of heart
Function of Purkinje Fibres?
Carry nerve impulses to ventricles to ventricles to aid contraction
What is the ABO blood system?
A blood type classifying system dependent on A and B antigens/antibodies
Type A Blood
Anti-B Antibodies
A Antigen
Type B Blood
Anti-A Antibodies
B Antigens
Type AB Blood
NO Antibodies
A Antigen and B Antigen
Type O Blood
Anti-A Antibodies and Anti-B Antibodies
NO Antigens
What is blood type is the ‘Universal Donor’?
Type O Rh Negative blood
Factors which can increase CVD
Diet
Smoking
Age
Inactivity
Genetics
High Blood Pressure
3 types of CVD Treatments
Anti-hypertensive (diuretics/ calcium channel blockers)
Statins
Transplantation and Immunosuppression
What are the parts of an ECG?
The P Wave
The QRS Complex
The T wave
The P Wave
Indicates atrial depolarization in both left and right atrium. This means there is atrial contraction (atrial systole)
The QRS Complex
Includes The Q Wave, The R Wave and The S Wave
All 3 waves occur in rapid succession
This complex indicates that the myogenic impulse is travelling across the ventricles to initiate ventricular depolarisation (ventricular systole)
The T Wave
This indicates Ventricular Repolarization (Ventricular Diastole)
What is a normal rhythm of the heart?
60-100 bpm.
What is the bpm of Bradycardia?
Less than 60 bpm
What is the bpm of Ventricular Fibrillation?
A very irregular ventricular rate
What is the bpm of Sinus Arrhythmia?
Normal beats but they are triggered at irregular intervals
What is the bpm of Tachycardia?
More than 100 bpm
Parts of a spirometry graph
Tidal Volume
Expiratory Reserve Volume
Residual Volume
Vital Capacity
Total Lung Capacity
Tidal Volume (TV)
Amount of air inhaled or exhaled with each breath under resting conditions
Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV)
Amount of air that can be forcefully exhaled after a normal tidal volume exhalation
Residual Volume (RV)
Amount of air remaining in the lungs after a forced exhalation
Vital Capacity (VC)
The difference between the minimum and maximum volume of air in the lungs (TLC-RV).
So the volume between full inspiration (TLC) and full exhalation (RV)
Total Lung Capacity (TLC)
Maximum amount of air contained in lungs after maximum inhalation
Where does ultrafiltration occur?
Glomerulus
What happens in the descending Loop of Henle?
Water leaves by osmosis
Where are osmoreceptors?
In the hypothalamus
What does ADH stand for?
Anti diuretic hormone
What does the Bowman’s capsule do?
Hold the glomerulus
Which ions are associated with acids?
