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HESI EXAM > Biology > Flashcards

Biology Flashcards

1
Q

Which movement requires a carrier protein but not direct cellular energy?

A

Facilitated transport

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2
Q

Which term denotes the movement of glucose molecules from an area of lower concentration to an area of higher concentration?

A

Active transport

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3
Q

Plasmolysis is a term describing?

A

Cellular shrinkage, which occurs when cells are immersed in hypertonic solution

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4
Q

The movement of substances from lesser concentration to higher concentration is called?

A

Active transport

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5
Q

Which particular structure is present in both eucaryotic and prokaryotic cells?

A

Cell membrane

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6
Q

Plant cells differ from animal cells in?

A

The plant cells have a cell wall and animal cells do not

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7
Q

Which cell type is characterized by the lack of true nucleus and the absence of membrane-bound organelle?

A

Prokaryotic cell

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8
Q

Which organelle is associated with hydrolytic enzymes and is sometimes reffered to as a “suicide bag”?

A

Lysosomes

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9
Q

Pinocytosis is the process of?

A

Enclosing a liquid substance in a membrane and secreting it into a cell

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10
Q

The plasma membrane of the eurokaryotic cell determines selectively which substances can enter and leave the cell. Such a membrane is said to be ?

A

Selectively permeable

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11
Q

What primarily determines the shape of cells that lack cell walls?

A

Cytoskeleton: microtibules and microfilaments

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12
Q

Which pair of organelles is responsible foe energy supply to eurokaryotic cells?

A

Chloroplast and mitochondria

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13
Q

With which organelle is the synthesis of ATP associated?

A

Mitochondria

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14
Q

The plasma membrane is soluble to?

A

Lipids

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15
Q

The process whereby muscle cell produce lactic acid is called?

A

Fermentation

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16
Q

During aerobic respiration, which one of the following substances is released?

A

36 ATP

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17
Q

Noncyclic-photophosphorylation takes place inside the?

A

Granal thylakoids

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18
Q

The dark reaction of photosynthesis takes place in ?

A

Stroma

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19
Q

Aerobic cellular respiration is more important to sustaining life than anaerobic because it produces?

A

More energy

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20
Q

Which organelle is responsible for oxygen production?

A

Chloroplast

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21
Q

An organic catalyst that enhances the chemical reaction is called ?

A

Enzyme

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22
Q

The first stage of aerobic cellular respiration is?

A

Glycolysis

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23
Q

Glycolysis occurs in the ?

A

Cytoplasm

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24
Q

For the aerobic pathway, electron transport systems are located in the ?

A

Mitochondria

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25
Q

Codominance occurs when?

A

Both the alleles in a heterozygote are expressed phenotypically in a individual

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26
Q

Mitosis in a single human cell usually results in the formation of?

A

2 diploid cells

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27
Q

Meiosis in a single human cell usually results in the formation of ?

A

4 haploid cells

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28
Q

If you reproduce sexually, you produce gamets via?

A

Meiosis

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29
Q

If you reproduce asexually, you produce offspring via?

A

Mitosis

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30
Q

What type of allele is expressed in the phenotype of only a homozygous individual?

A

Dominant

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31
Q

The sex of a human child is determined by the sex chromosome from?

A

The father

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32
Q

Cell division occurs most rapidly in?

A

Cancerous tissue

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33
Q

Which blood type would be a universal donor?

A

O-

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34
Q

Passage of water through the membrane of a cell is called ?

A

Osmosis

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35
Q

Which term includes all others?

A

Organism

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36
Q

The kreb cycle produces?

A

CO2 and H2

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37
Q

The presence of which substance is most important for all cell activity ?

A

Water

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38
Q

The basic structure of a cell membranes is a?

A

Protein-impregnated phospholipid
bilayer

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39
Q

Cytoplasmic structures that contain powerful hydrolysis enzymes, which could lead to cell destruction in the absence of surrounding membranes, are?

A

Lysosomes

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40
Q

Organic substances made up of several amino acids bound together are?

A

Proteins

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41
Q

The smallest known microorganisms are?

A

Viruses

42
Q

The end product of protein metabolism is ?

A

Amino acids

43
Q

Carbohydrates are absorbed into the blood as ?

A

Glucose

44
Q

The substance basic to life is?

A

Proteins

45
Q

The body obtains most of its nitrogen from?

A

Proteins

46
Q

The basic unit of a living organism is?

A

Cell

47
Q

The diffusion of water through a semipermeable membrane is known as ?

A

Osmosis

48
Q

The process in which carbon dioxide and water are combined under the influence of light in green plants is called ?

A

Photosynthesis

49
Q

A protein substance that initiates and accelerates a chemical reaction is called ?

A

Enzyme

50
Q

Amino acids that cannot be manufactured by the body are called ?

A

Essential amino acids

51
Q

The body’s continual response to changes in the external and internal enviroment is called ?

A

Homeostasis

52
Q

The ability of a cell to reproduce is called ?

A

Mitosis

53
Q

The part of the cell necessary for reproduction is the ?

A

Nucleus

54
Q

Proteins are polymers of ?

A

Amino acids

55
Q

Does cellular metabolism glycolysis require oxygen (O2)?

A

No

56
Q

Cellular proteins are synthesized in ?

A

Ribosomes

57
Q

In eukaryotic cells, the phase of division that produces two daughter cells is ?

A

Cytokinesis

58
Q

Some substances are transported across cell membranes by proteins known as ?

A

Permeases

59
Q

The cellular organelle where respiratory reactions for the release of energy occurs is a ?

A

Mitochondria

60
Q

The most efficient cellular respiratiry process, in terms of energy-yield per molecule of glucose, is ?

A

Aerobic respiration

61
Q

A cellular organelle found in typical plant cells but not in typical animal cells is the ?

A

Chloroplast

62
Q

Every cell contains ?

A

A cell membrane and a cytoplasm

63
Q

The two organic substances present in chromosomes are ?

A

Protein and nucleic acid

64
Q

Genes may be defined as ?

A

Functional segments of
chromosomes

65
Q

The dense mass of ribonucleic acid found within the nucleus is the ?

A

Nucleus

66
Q

The endoplasmic reticulum may be described as a ?

A

Series of membranes in the cell’s
cytoplasm

67
Q

The lysosomes of a cell contain many ?

A

Digestive enzymes

68
Q

The mitochondria of the cell are best known as the organelles where ?

A

Energy is released from food
molecules

69
Q

The flagella of human cells cause ?

A

Cell movement

70
Q

During the process of diffusion

A

Molecules moves from a region of high concentrarion to one of low concentration

71
Q

The plasma membrane is a semipermeable membrane because it ?

A

Let’s only certain molecules through

72
Q

In active transport, chemical substances move from a region of low concentrationto one of high concentration, and therefore they require ?

A

An expenditure of energy

73
Q

Phagocytosis is a form of endocytosis in which?

A

The cell takes particular matter into itself, engulfs it

74
Q

What kind of cells are phagocytes?

A

Monocytes, macrophages, neutrophils, dendritic cells, osteoclasts, and eosinophils

75
Q

Virtually all chemical reactions of the cell are catalyzed by ?

A

Enzymes

76
Q

The energy is released from an ATP molecule when ?

A

The terminal phosphate group is
released

77
Q

Interphase is the phase of a cell cycle in which ?

A

The cell performs it’s unique functions

78
Q

Chromatids, chromosomes, and chromatin are all simillar to one another because ?

A

All contain DNA

79
Q

The codon is a three-base group of nucleotides that specifies ?

A

An amino acid

80
Q

Protein synthesis in the cell could not occur in the absence of ?

A

Amino acid molecules

81
Q

A molecules of messenger RNA contains ?

A

Exons but no introns

82
Q

Which of the following is the structure of the male reproductive system that stores spermatozoa during the maturation process?
A) vas deferens B) scrotum
C) epididymis D) testicular artery

A

C) epididymis

83
Q

Which of the following types of hormones stimulates a chemical response to a target cell by diffusing through the cell membrane to bind to the receptors inside the cell?
A) fat-soluble hormones
B) amino acid derivatives
C) hydrophilic hormones
D) water-soluble hormones

A

A) fat-soluble hormones

84
Q

Which of the following is an example of human error in an experiment?
A) an imperfectly calibrated scale
B) contaminating a sterile sample by breathing on it
C) a draft in the laboratory slightly changing the temperature of a liquid
D) failure to account for wind speed when measuring distance traveled

A

B) contaminating a sterile sample by breathing on it

85
Q

Within the biologic hierarchic system of organization, which of the following is least inclusive?
A) phylum
B) order
C) kingdom
D) species

A

D) species

86
Q

In the scientific process, which of the following is a statement or explanation of certain events or happenings?
A) hypothesis
B) observation
C) experiment
D) conclusion

A

A) hypothesis

87
Q

Why is polarity the most important characteristic of water?
A) the results of the polarity are hydrogen bonding, a high specific heat value, and its versatile solvent properties
B) the results of the polarity are covalent bonding, a low specific heat value, and its versatile solvent properties
C) the results of the polarity are ionic bonding, a high specific heat value, and its versatile solvent properties
D) the results of the polarity are hydrogen bonding, a low specific heat value, and its versatile solvent properties

A

A) the results of the polarity are hydrogen bonding, a high specific heat value, and its versatile solvent properties

88
Q

Athletes are often concerned with the question of what they need in their diets to increase muscle mass and strength. What biologic molecule would you recommend that would accomplish this?
A) carbohydrates
B) proteins
C) lipids
D) nucleic acids

A

B) proteins

89
Q

Which organelle would you expect to be present in a cell responsible for detoxifying multiple molecules?
A) rough ER
B) smooth ER
C) lysosome
D) Golgi apparatus

A

B) smooth ER

90
Q

A cell from heart muscle would more than likely contain an unusually high proportion of:
A) lysosomes
B) mitochondria
C) mRNA
D) ribosomes

A

B) mitochondria

91
Q

The sum of all chemical reactions that occur in an organism is:
A) product
B) respiration
C) metabolism
D) synthesis

A

C) metabolism

92
Q

A cell that does not contain membrane-bound organelles or a defined nucleus would be classified as:
A) eukaryotic
B) embryonic
C) prokaryotic
D) symbiotic

A

C) prokaryotic

93
Q

The two catabolic pathways that lead to cellular energy production are:
A) fermentation and protein synthesis
B) cellular respiration and glycolysis
C) fermentation and glycolysis
D) cellular respiration and fermentation

A

D) cellular respiration and fermentation

94
Q

Which part of cellular respiration produces the greatest amount of ATP?
A) electron transport chain
B) glycolysis
C) citric acid cycle
D) fermentation

A

A) electron transport chain

95
Q

When plants do not receive enough water, their photosynthetic rate drops. This is because:
A) carbon dioxide is not available
B) water is a raw material for the light reactions in photosynthesis
C) water provides the carbon atoms used to make sugar
D) not enough oxygen is produced to keep fermentation running

A

B) water is a raw material for the light reactions in photosynthesis

96
Q

How does asexual reproduction differ from sexual reproduction?
A) asexual reproduction results in all cells being identical to the original cell; sexual reproduction results in half of the cells being identical to the original cell
B) asexual reproduction results in two cells that contribute genetic material to daughter cells, resulting in significantly greater variation
C) sexual reproduction involves two cells that contribute genetic material to daughter cells, resulting in significantly greater variation
D) sexual reproduction involves one cell that yields all cells produced to be identical

A

C) sexual reproduction involves two cells that contribute genetic material to daughter cells, resulting in significantly greater variation

97
Q

Why is it important for cells to undergo mitosis?
A) mitosis allows for reproduction with male and female gametes
B) mitosis increases variation within the species
C) mitosis produces cells that are different from the parent cell
D) mitosis produces cells for growth and repair of body tissue

A

D) mitosis produces cells for growth and repair of body tissue

98
Q

72 chromosomes undergo meiosis. How many chromosomes will be in each gamete?
A) 18
B) 36
C) 72
D) 144

A

B) 36

99
Q

Which of the following shows how information in transformed to make a protein?
A) DNA-RNA-protein
B) gene-chromosome-protein C) ATP-amino acid-protein
D) RNA-DNA-protein

A

A) DNA-RNA-protein

100
Q

Which of the following describes the gene in which one allele takes a different form from
another?
A) phenotype
B) heterozygous
C) homolog
D) homozygous

A

B) heterozygous

HESI EXAM (4 decks)

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