Biology Flashcards
1
Q
Which movement requires a carrier protein but not direct cellular energy?
A
Facilitated transport
2
Q
Which term denotes the movement of glucose molecules from an area of lower concentration to an area of higher concentration?
A
Active transport
3
Q
Plasmolysis is a term describing?
A
Cellular shrinkage, which occurs when cells are immersed in hypertonic solution
4
Q
The movement of substances from lesser concentration to higher concentration is called?
A
Active transport
5
Q
Which particular structure is present in both eucaryotic and prokaryotic cells?
A
Cell membrane
6
Q
Plant cells differ from animal cells in?
A
The plant cells have a cell wall and animal cells do not
7
Q
Which cell type is characterized by the lack of true nucleus and the absence of membrane-bound organelle?
A
Prokaryotic cell
8
Q
Which organelle is associated with hydrolytic enzymes and is sometimes reffered to as a “suicide bag”?
A
Lysosomes
9
Q
Pinocytosis is the process of?
A
Enclosing a liquid substance in a membrane and secreting it into a cell
10
Q
The plasma membrane of the eurokaryotic cell determines selectively which substances can enter and leave the cell. Such a membrane is said to be ?
A
Selectively permeable
11
Q
What primarily determines the shape of cells that lack cell walls?
A
Cytoskeleton: microtibules and microfilaments
12
Q
Which pair of organelles is responsible foe energy supply to eurokaryotic cells?
A
Chloroplast and mitochondria
13
Q
With which organelle is the synthesis of ATP associated?
A
Mitochondria
14
Q
The plasma membrane is soluble to?
A
Lipids
15
Q
The process whereby muscle cell produce lactic acid is called?
A
Fermentation
16
Q
During aerobic respiration, which one of the following substances is released?
A
36 ATP
17
Q
Noncyclic-photophosphorylation takes place inside the?
A
Granal thylakoids
18
Q
The dark reaction of photosynthesis takes place in ?
A
Stroma
19
Q
Aerobic cellular respiration is more important to sustaining life than anaerobic because it produces?
A
More energy
20
Q
Which organelle is responsible for oxygen production?
A
Chloroplast
21
Q
An organic catalyst that enhances the chemical reaction is called ?
A
Enzyme
22
Q
The first stage of aerobic cellular respiration is?
A
Glycolysis
23
Q
Glycolysis occurs in the ?
A
Cytoplasm
24
Q
For the aerobic pathway, electron transport systems are located in the ?
A
Mitochondria
25
Codominance occurs when?
Both the alleles in a heterozygote are expressed phenotypically in a individual
26
Mitosis in a single human cell usually results in the formation of?
2 diploid cells
27
Meiosis in a single human cell usually results in the formation of ?
4 haploid cells
28
If you reproduce sexually, you produce gamets via?
Meiosis
29
If you reproduce asexually, you produce offspring via?
Mitosis
30
What type of allele is expressed in the phenotype of only a homozygous individual?
Dominant
31
The sex of a human child is determined by the sex chromosome from?
The father
32
Cell division occurs most rapidly in?
Cancerous tissue
33
Which blood type would be a universal donor?
O-
34
Passage of water through the membrane of a cell is called ?
Osmosis
35
Which term includes all others?
Organism
36
The kreb cycle produces?
CO2 and H2
37
The presence of which substance is most important for all cell activity ?
Water
38
The basic structure of a cell membranes is a?
Protein-impregnated phospholipid
bilayer
39
Cytoplasmic structures that contain powerful hydrolysis enzymes, which could lead to cell destruction in the absence of surrounding membranes, are?
Lysosomes
40
Organic substances made up of several amino acids bound together are?
Proteins
41
The smallest known microorganisms are?
Viruses
42
The end product of protein metabolism is ?
Amino acids
43
Carbohydrates are absorbed into the blood as ?
Glucose
44
The substance basic to life is?
Proteins
45
The body obtains most of its nitrogen from?
Proteins
46
The basic unit of a living organism is?
Cell
47
The diffusion of water through a semipermeable membrane is known as ?
Osmosis
48
The process in which carbon dioxide and water are combined under the influence of light in green plants is called ?
Photosynthesis
49
A protein substance that initiates and accelerates a chemical reaction is called ?
Enzyme
50
Amino acids that cannot be manufactured by the body are called ?
Essential amino acids
51
The body's continual response to changes in the external and internal enviroment is called ?
Homeostasis
52
The ability of a cell to reproduce is called ?
Mitosis
53
The part of the cell necessary for reproduction is the ?
Nucleus
54
Proteins are polymers of ?
Amino acids
55
Does cellular metabolism glycolysis require oxygen (O2)?
No
56
Cellular proteins are synthesized in ?
Ribosomes
57
In eukaryotic cells, the phase of division that produces two daughter cells is ?
Cytokinesis
58
Some substances are transported across cell membranes by proteins known as ?
Permeases
59
The cellular organelle where respiratory reactions for the release of energy occurs is a ?
Mitochondria
60
The most efficient cellular respiratiry process, in terms of energy-yield per molecule of glucose, is ?
Aerobic respiration
61
A cellular organelle found in typical plant cells but not in typical animal cells is the ?
Chloroplast
62
Every cell contains ?
A cell membrane and a cytoplasm
63
The two organic substances present in chromosomes are ?
Protein and nucleic acid
64
Genes may be defined as ?
Functional segments of
chromosomes
65
The dense mass of ribonucleic acid found within the nucleus is the ?
Nucleus
66
The endoplasmic reticulum may be described as a ?
Series of membranes in the cell's
cytoplasm
67
The lysosomes of a cell contain many ?
Digestive enzymes
68
The mitochondria of the cell are best known as the organelles where ?
Energy is released from food
molecules
69
The flagella of human cells cause ?
Cell movement
70
During the process of diffusion
Molecules moves from a region of high concentrarion to one of low concentration
71
The plasma membrane is a semipermeable membrane because it ?
Let’s only certain molecules through
72
In active transport, chemical substances move from a region of low concentrationto one of high concentration, and therefore they require ?
An expenditure of energy
73
Phagocytosis is a form of endocytosis in which?
The cell takes particular matter into itself, engulfs it
74
What kind of cells are phagocytes?
Monocytes, macrophages, neutrophils, dendritic cells, osteoclasts, and eosinophils
75
Virtually all chemical reactions of the cell are catalyzed by ?
Enzymes
76
The energy is released from an ATP molecule when ?
The terminal phosphate group is
released
77
Interphase is the phase of a cell cycle in which ?
The cell performs it’s unique functions
78
Chromatids, chromosomes, and chromatin are all simillar to one another because ?
All contain DNA
79
The codon is a three-base group of nucleotides that specifies ?
An amino acid
80
Protein synthesis in the cell could not occur in the absence of ?
Amino acid molecules
81
A molecules of messenger RNA contains ?
Exons but no introns
82
Which of the following is the structure of the male reproductive system that stores spermatozoa during the maturation process?
A) vas deferens B) scrotum
C) epididymis D) testicular artery
C) epididymis
83
Which of the following types of hormones stimulates a chemical response to a target cell by diffusing through the cell membrane to bind to the receptors inside the cell?
A) fat-soluble hormones
B) amino acid derivatives
C) hydrophilic hormones
D) water-soluble hormones
A) fat-soluble hormones
84
Which of the following is an example of human error in an experiment?
A) an imperfectly calibrated scale
B) contaminating a sterile sample by breathing on it
C) a draft in the laboratory slightly changing the temperature of a liquid
D) failure to account for wind speed when measuring distance traveled
B) contaminating a sterile sample by breathing on it
85
Within the biologic hierarchic system of organization, which of the following is least inclusive?
A) phylum
B) order
C) kingdom
D) species
D) species
86
In the scientific process, which of the following is a statement or explanation of certain events or happenings?
A) hypothesis
B) observation
C) experiment
D) conclusion
A) hypothesis
87
Why is polarity the most important characteristic of water?
A) the results of the polarity are hydrogen bonding, a high specific heat value, and its versatile solvent properties
B) the results of the polarity are covalent bonding, a low specific heat value, and its versatile solvent properties
C) the results of the polarity are ionic bonding, a high specific heat value, and its versatile solvent properties
D) the results of the polarity are hydrogen bonding, a low specific heat value, and its versatile solvent properties
A) the results of the polarity are hydrogen bonding, a high specific heat value, and its versatile solvent properties
88
Athletes are often concerned with the question of what they need in their diets to increase muscle mass and strength. What biologic molecule would you recommend that would accomplish this?
A) carbohydrates
B) proteins
C) lipids
D) nucleic acids
B) proteins
89
Which organelle would you expect to be present in a cell responsible for detoxifying multiple molecules?
A) rough ER
B) smooth ER
C) lysosome
D) Golgi apparatus
B) smooth ER
90
A cell from heart muscle would more than likely contain an unusually high proportion of:
A) lysosomes
B) mitochondria
C) mRNA
D) ribosomes
B) mitochondria
91
The sum of all chemical reactions that occur in an organism is:
A) product
B) respiration
C) metabolism
D) synthesis
C) metabolism
92
A cell that does not contain membrane-bound organelles or a defined nucleus would be classified as:
A) eukaryotic
B) embryonic
C) prokaryotic
D) symbiotic
C) prokaryotic
93
The two catabolic pathways that lead to cellular energy production are:
A) fermentation and protein synthesis
B) cellular respiration and glycolysis
C) fermentation and glycolysis
D) cellular respiration and fermentation
D) cellular respiration and fermentation
94
Which part of cellular respiration produces the greatest amount of ATP?
A) electron transport chain
B) glycolysis
C) citric acid cycle
D) fermentation
A) electron transport chain
95
When plants do not receive enough water, their photosynthetic rate drops. This is because:
A) carbon dioxide is not available
B) water is a raw material for the light reactions in photosynthesis
C) water provides the carbon atoms used to make sugar
D) not enough oxygen is produced to keep fermentation running
B) water is a raw material for the light reactions in photosynthesis
96
How does asexual reproduction differ from sexual reproduction?
A) asexual reproduction results in all cells being identical to the original cell; sexual reproduction results in half of the cells being identical to the original cell
B) asexual reproduction results in two cells that contribute genetic material to daughter cells, resulting in significantly greater variation
C) sexual reproduction involves two cells that contribute genetic material to daughter cells, resulting in significantly greater variation
D) sexual reproduction involves one cell that yields all cells produced to be identical
C) sexual reproduction involves two cells that contribute genetic material to daughter cells, resulting in significantly greater variation
97
Why is it important for cells to undergo mitosis?
A) mitosis allows for reproduction with male and female gametes
B) mitosis increases variation within the species
C) mitosis produces cells that are different from the parent cell
D) mitosis produces cells for growth and repair of body tissue
D) mitosis produces cells for growth and repair of body tissue
98
72 chromosomes undergo meiosis. How many chromosomes will be in each gamete?
A) 18
B) 36
C) 72
D) 144
B) 36
99
Which of the following shows how information in transformed to make a protein?
A) DNA-RNA-protein
B) gene-chromosome-protein C) ATP-amino acid-protein
D) RNA-DNA-protein
A) DNA-RNA-protein
100
Which of the following describes the gene in which one allele takes a different form from
another?
A) phenotype
B) heterozygous
C) homolog
D) homozygous
B) heterozygous
