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unit 5 exam > biology > Flashcards

biology Flashcards

1
Q

What components make up the cardiovascular system?

A

The heart, the blood vessels and the blood.

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2
Q

why do we need a circulatory system?

A

It allows blood to circulate and transport the essential nutrients and gases to these cells and remove waste.

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3
Q

What does blood transport?
Oxygen from the lungs to the body cells for…….

A

Anaerobic respiration

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4
Q

What does blood transport?
………… from respiring cells back to the lungs to be exhaled.

A

Carbon Dioxide

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5
Q

What does blood transport?
………… from the intestine to the body cells.

A

Nutrients

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6
Q

What does blood transport?
Urea (waste products) from the liver to the …….. to be removed.

A

Kidneys

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7
Q

What does blood transport?
Hormones from the …………. ……….. to their target cells.

A

Endocrine Glands

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8
Q

What does blood transport?
Heat from respiring tissue to organs to maintain body ……….. or to the skin to be lost.

A

Temperature

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9
Q

The blood helps us to regulate…….

A

Body temperature
pH of body tissue
Volume of fluid in circulation

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10
Q

Platelets that cause clotting, to prevent bleeding and the entry of pathogens.

A

Blood Clotting

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11
Q

What is the mammalian circulation referred to as it has two separate circulations?

A

Double Circulation

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12
Q

The blood flows from the heart to the body tissue to deliver oxygen and glucose and back to the heart.

A

Systemic circulation

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13
Q

Blood flows from the heart to the lungs to expel carbon dioxide and take in oxygen and then it returns back to the heart.

A

Pulmonary circulation

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14
Q

What is the heart made of?

A

Myocardium and Coronary arteries

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15
Q

What is myocardium?

A

It consists of cardiac muscle which contract to make your heart beat.

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16
Q

What are coronary arteries?

A

They carry oxygenated blood from the aorta to the heart muscle itself.

17
Q

The heart is divided into two halves.
What are the two chambers in each half?

A

Atrium and ventricle.

18
Q

What is the wall called that separates the ventricles?

A

The septum.

19
Q

What does the Septum do?

A

It stops the oxygenated and deoxygenated blood coming into contact with each other.

20
Q

What are the two upper chambers called?

A

The atria.

21
Q

What is the atrioventricular valve between the left atria and the left ventricle known as?

A

The bicuspid valve.

22
Q

What is the valve called between the right atrium and the right ventricle?

A

The tricuspid valve.

23
Q

What are valves?

A

Valves are thin flaps of tissue attached to the ventricles via tendinous cords.

24
Q

What is the role of the tendinous cords?

A

The cords stop the valves fork opening backwards and letting blood back flow into the pervious chamber.

25
Q

What happens when the ventricles are full of blood?

A

They contract and the valves close to stop the back flow of blood into the atrium.

26
Q

What is the heart muscle described as?

A

Myogenic.

27
Q

Myogenic
It can initiate its own contractions. It contracts and relaxes …………., even without stimulation from the nervous system.

A

Rhythmically

28
Q

What are the three stages of the cardiac cycle?

A

Cardiac Diastole
Atrial Systole
Ventricular Systole

29
Q

What is the first stage of the cardiac cycle?

A

Cardiac Diastole

30
Q

What happens during cardiac diastole?

A

Both atria relax and fill with blood from the pulmonary vein and vena cava.

31
Q

What is the second stage of the cardiac cycle?

A

Atrial Systole.

32
Q

What is the third stage of the cardiac cycle?

A

Ventricular systole.

33
Q

What happens during ventricular systole?

A

The ventricle walls contract increasing pressure. The AV valves close when the pressure on the ventricles rises above the pressure in the atria preventing back flow of blood into the atria.

34
Q

The …………… in ventricular pressure forces the semi-lunar valves to open and the blood flows into the pulmonary artery and aorta.

A

Increase

35
Q

Cardiac output equation?

A

Cardiac output = stroke volume x heart rate

unit 5 exam (1 decks)

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