Biology Flashcards
State the 7 characteristics of living organisms.
- Growth
- Reproduction
- Respiration
- Reproduction
- Growth
- Sensitivity
- Nutrition
State the formula for magnification.
Image size/Actual size
What is cell wall made of?
Cellulose (cellulose is made of polysaccharide)
What sort of reactions take place in cytoplasm?
Metabolic reactions
What does vacuole contain?
Cell sap
What do chloroplasts contain?
Chlorophyll
What does nucleus contain?
Chromosomes (chromosomes are made of DNA)
State what is meant by diffusion.
The net movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to low concentration, down a concentration gradient
What is osmosis?
The net movement of water molecules form an area of high potential to low potential
What happens to animal cells in the following:
a) pure water
b) concentrated solution
a) It bursts; water osmoses inside
b) it shrinks; water osmoses out
What is turgor pressure?
The outward pressure of cell membrane on cell wall
When does a cell become flaccid?
When the cell becomes floppy
What are single-molecule sugars called?
Monosaccharides
What are double-molecule sugars called?
Disaccharides
What are sugars with multiple molecules called?
Polysaccharides
What is the test for reducing sugar called? [State the observation too]
Benedict’s test
Blue–>Green–>Yellow–>Orange–>Brick-red
What is the test for starch? [State the observation too]
Iodine test
Orange-brown–>Blue-Black
What is the test for fat? [State the observation too]
Emulsion test
White precipitate
What is the test for protein? [State the observation too]
Biuret test
Blue–>Purple
What small molecules, are proteins made of?
Amino acids
What is a catalyst?
A substance that increases the rate of reaction and is not changed by the reaction
What are enzymes?
Proteins which act as biological catalysts
What enzymes are used to digest the following:
a) Starch
b) Protein
c) Carbohydrates
d) Fats
a) Amylase
b) Protease
c) Carbohydrase
d) Lipase
What are substances at the beginning and end of a reaction called (in context of enzymes)?
Substrate and products, respectively
How does an enzyme work?
- Enzyme molecule is like a lock
- The substrate must be a perfect fit
- It fits into the enzyme
- The enzyme changes the substrate into new molecules called products
When does an enzyme become denatured?
When it can no longer catalyze a reaction
What is photosynthesis?
The process by which plants manufacture carbohydrates from raw materials using energy from light