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IMAT > Biology > Flashcards

Biology Flashcards

1
Q

What path does blood take from the kidney to the liver?

A
  1. Renal vein
  2. Inferior vena cava
  3. Pulmonary artery
  4. Pulmonary vein
  5. Aorta
  6. Hepatic artery
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2
Q

In what order does the body regulate when there is too little water in the blood?

A
  1. Hypothalamus detects low water in blood
  2. Pituitary gland releases ADH
  3. Kidney affects water level
  4. Urine is more concentrated
  5. Blood water level returns to normal
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3
Q

Is venous or arterial blood more acidic?

A

Venous

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4
Q

What makes one type of blood more acidic than the other?

A

There is more CO2 in blood

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5
Q

What is the function of the endoplasmic reticulum?

A

Protein synthesis

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6
Q

Anaerobic cellular respiration

A

Glycolysis (fermentation)

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7
Q

Glycolysis product in plants?

A

Alcohol

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8
Q

Glycolysis product in animals?

A

Lactic acid

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9
Q

Aerobic respiration

A

Krebs cycle,
Electron transport chain

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10
Q

Gametes

A

Sex cells

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11
Q

Meiosis

A

A type of cell division that results in four daughter cells each with half the number of chromosomes of the parent cell, as in the production of gametes and plant spores

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12
Q

Mitosis

A

Cell division in which the nucleus divides into nuclei containing the same number of chromosomes

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13
Q

Meiosis vs. Mitosis

A

Meiosis:
- 2 cell divisions
- Homologous chromosomes pair up on cell’s equator
- In anaphase 1, sister chromatids are still paired
- Results in a haploid

Mitosis
- Only one cell division
- Homologous chromosomes never pair up
- In anaphases, sister chromatids are separated
- Results in a diploid

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14
Q

What is a bacterial cell wall made of?

A

Murien

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15
Q

Red blood cells have a nucleus.
True or False

A

False

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16
Q

Hormonal response is slow.
True or False

A

True
Compared to other systems, hormonal response is slow, because it needs to travel through the blood

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17
Q

Why is pH regulation controlled so tightly in humans?

A

“To prevent changes in electrical charge in peptide chains”

pH changes cause changes in electrical charge on proteins (peptides), so it would interfere with protein-protein interactions.

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18
Q

Heterozygotes only have a 25% chance of expressing a recessive trait.
True or False

A

False
They have a 25% chance of expressing a HOMOZYGOUS recessive offspring

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19
Q

What is the function of an antibody?

A

Identify and neutralise foreign objects and molecules

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20
Q

Homeostasis

A

Balancing the inputs within your body with the outputs to maintain a constant internal environment

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21
Q

There is more energy as you move up the trophic levels.
True or False

A

False
There is less energy as you move up the trophic levels

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22
Q

There is less biomass as you move up in trophic levels.
True or False

A

True

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23
Q

What is the order in which something is seen and movement occurs?

A
  1. Retina
  2. Sensory neuron
  3. Brain
  4. Motor neuron
  5. Muscle
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24
Q

Animals cloned from embryo transplants are genetically identical.
True or False

A

True

25
Q

Cloning is only possible with mammals.
True or False

A

False

26
Q

The genetic material is removed from an unfertilised egg during adult cell cloning.
True or False

A

True

27
Q

Cloning can cause a reduced gene pool.
True or False

A

True

28
Q

Species with similar characteristics have similar genes.
True or False

A

False (not necessarily)

29
Q

Do red blood cells have DNA?

A

No, red blood cells loose their nuclei during maturation in order to accommodate for more haemoglobin

30
Q

Does meiosis require ATP?

A

Yes

31
Q

Where does meiosis take place?

A

Only in reproductive organs

Males: testes after puberty
Females: ovary before birth

32
Q

The pH of venous blood is 7.35, which of the following is the likely pH of arterial blood?
4.4, 6.5, 7.4, or 7.0?

A

7.4 because there is a small variation but, arterial blood is more basic because it has less CO2

33
Q

All contents of animal cells are contained in the cytoplasm.
True or False

A

False

34
Q

The cytoplasm is mostly water.
True or False

A

True

35
Q

Cytoplasm contains electrolytes and proteins.
True or False

A

True

36
Q

Where is ATP produced?

A

Mitochondria

37
Q

Cells of the p. Atlantica butterfly of the lycaenidea family have 446 chromosomes. Mitosis will produce ____ pairs of chromosomes and meiosis will produce ____ chromosomes

A

223 and 223

38
Q

Why does air flow into the chest on inspirations?

A

Atmospheric pressure is greater than intra-thoracic pressure during inspiration (this is done with anterior and lateral chest expansion)

39
Q

Most of the nitrogen in the earth’s atmosphere is inert.
True or False

A

True

40
Q

Bacteria are essential for nitrogen fixation.
True or False

A

True

41
Q

Nitrogen fixation occurs during lightning strikes.
True or False

A

True

42
Q

Is coordination of movement a function of the central nervous system?

A

Yes

43
Q

Is control of heart rate a function of the CNS?

A

No

44
Q

Sympathetic control of heart rate results in accelerated or decelerated heart rate?

A

Accelerated (quickens)

45
Q

Parasympathetic heart rate modulation

A

Decelerates (slows)

46
Q

Function of lipase

A

Breaks down fats in diet

47
Q

Function of amylase

A

Breaks down starch in diet

48
Q

Function of protease

A

Breaks down protein in diet

49
Q

Sucrase

A

An enzyme that catalyses the hydrolysis of sucrose into glucose and fructose

50
Q

Lactase

A

Enzyme that breaks down lactose in diet

51
Q

Do all veins have valves?

A

No, most veins in arms and hands do not

52
Q

What enzyme is found in saliva?

A

Amylase

53
Q

What enzyme is found in the stomach?

A

Pepsin

54
Q

Mono synaptic stretch reflex

A

Monosynaptic stretch reflex, or sometimes also referred to as the muscle stretch reflex , deep tendon reflex, is a reflex arc that provides direct communication between sensory and motor neurons innervating the muscle

55
Q

Anaerobic respiration in animals

A

Carbohydrates –> energy + lactic acid

56
Q

Anaerobic respiration in plants

A

Carbohydrates –> energy + ethanol + carbon dioxide

57
Q

Where does anaerobic respiration take place?

A

Cytoplasm of cell (not mitochondria)

58
Q

Equation for aerobic respiration

A

6O2 + C6H12O6 –> 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy (38 ATP)

59
Q
A

IMAT (1 decks)

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