Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

NASM CHEAT SHEET > Biology > Flashcards

Biology Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
NASM ® CPT flashcards
1
Q

What are the three parts of a neuron?

A

Cell body, axon, dendrites

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the three joint motions?

A

Roll, slide, spin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the functions of the skeletal system?

A

Shape, protection, movement, blood production, storage of minerals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the layers of muscle, in order of depth?

A

Endomesium (deepest)
Perimysium
Epimesium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the characteristics of slow twitch (Type 1) muscle fibers?

A
  1. Smaller
  2. More oxygen
  3. Less force
  4. Slow to fatigue
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the characteristics of fast twitch (Type 2) muscle fibers?

A
  1. Larger
  2. Less oxygen
  3. More force
  4. Fast to fatigue
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What do muscle spindles do?

A
  1. Change in length
  2. Stretch reflex
  3. Cause contraction
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What do Golgi tendons do?

A
  1. Attach to tendons
  2. Change muscle tension
  3. Cause relaxation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the order of blood flow in the heart?

A
  1. Right Atrium (no O2)
  2. Right Ventricle (no O2)
    lungs
  3. Left Atrium (O2)
  4. Left Ventricle (O2 to body via aorta)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the types of blood vessels & how do they flow from & to the heart?

A

Arteries (O2 rich)–>arterioles–>capillaries (sites of exchange)–>venules–>veins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the functions of blood?

A
  1. Transport O2
  2. Transport waste
  3. Transport hormones
  4. Carry heat
  5. Regulate temperature
  6. Clotting
  7. Fights disease when ill
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the 3 ways your body can generate ATP?

A
  1. Immediate (0-10 secs): Creatine-Phosphate
  2. Short term (10-60 secs): Lactic/Glycolytic/Anerobic
  3. Long term (>60 secs): Oxidative/Aerobic (Krebs cycle and electron transport chain happen here)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Describe:
1.Superior/inferior
2. Anterior/posterior
3. Medial/lateral
4. Proximal/distal

A
  1. Towards head/feet
  2. Front/back of body
  3. Near to/further from midline of body
  4. Close to/far from point of origin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

The Transverse plane divides the body into?

A

Top & bottom

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

The Frontal plane divides the body into?

A

Front & back

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

The Sagittal plane divides the body into?

A

Left & right

17
Q

What are the movements that occur in the Sagittal plane?

A

Front & back movements!
Flexion: decreasing the joint angle (e.g. bicep curl)
Extension: increasing the joint angle
Dorsiflexion (ankle only): moving the top of the foot towards the shin
Plantarflexion: pointing toes

18
Q

What are the movements that occur in the Frontal plane?

A

Left & right movements!
Adduction: movement toward the midline
Abduction: movements away from the midline
Inversion: tilting foot towards midline
Eversion: tilting foot away from midline

19
Q

What are the movements that occur in the Transverse plane?

A

Rotation movements!
Pronation: rotating palm or foot down
Supination: rotating palm or foot up (cup of soup)
Horizontal adduction: a punch or fly motion
Horizontal abduction: come at me bro

20
Q

What is the process that inhibits contraction of an antagonist muscle when its agonist is contracting?

A

Reciprocal inhibition

21
Q

Which type of muscle contraction involves no change in muscle length?

A

Isometric (static) contractions

22
Q

What is a concentric muscle contraction?

A

When the muscle shortens

23
Q

What is an eccentric muscle contraction?

A

When the muscle lengthens

24
Q

Which muscle contraction leads to greater muscle breakdown/DOMS/growth?

A

Eccentric

25
Q

What is autogenic inhibition?

A

The ability of a muscle to relax during stretching or increased tension, such as when holding tense spots (for 30 secs!) during SMR

26
Q

What is the Golgi Tendon Organ (GTO) and where is it located?

A

Located at the point where muscle and tendon meet, the GTO is sensitive to change in muscle tension and the speed thereof

27
Q

What are muscle spindles?

A

Sensory organs that are parallel to the muscle fibers. They detect muscle length and and the speed at which a muscle is stretching

28
Q

What is the difference between the somatic and the autonomous nervous systems?

A

Somatic is under our conscious control

29
Q

What is the difference between the sympathetic and the parasympathetic nervous systems?

A

Sympathetic is our fight-or-flight response, parasympathetic is relaxation & digestion

30
Q

Type 1 (slow twitch) muscle fibers vs. Type 2 (fast twitch)

A

Type 1: better endurance, less power
Type 2: more power, exhaust faster

31
Q

How many vertebrae are in the Cervical, Thoracic, and Lumbar sections of the spine?

A

Breakfast (cervical) at 7
Lunch (thoracic) at 12
Dinner (lumbar) at 5
(also 5 fused sacral)

32
Q

What is the functional unit of a muscle?

A

Sarcomere (it shortens as z lines move closer together when actin is pulled across myosin)

33
Q

What are the 3 stages of the general adaptation syndrome?

A
  1. Alarm reaction: your initial fight-or-flight reaction to a stressor
  2. Resistance development
  3. Exhaustion
34
Q

What is the SAID principle?

A

The body will adapt to the demands placed upon it

35
Q

What are the BP zones?

A

<120/80 normal
120-129/<80 elevated
130-139/80-89 stage 1
>140/>90 stage 2

36
Q

What do beta blockers do?

A

Lower HR at rest and during exercise

37
Q

What do diuretics do?

A

Increase water excretion (pee). Can lead to dehydration.

NASM CHEAT SHEET (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions