Biology Flashcards
Matter
takes up space and has matter (gas, liquid, solid)
Elements
Cannot be broken down by chemical reaction
Atom
Smallest unit of an element, contains subatomic particles
Mass Number
Total number protons and neutrons
Atomic Number
Total number of protons
Isotopes
two atoms of the same element that differ in the number of neutrons
Valence Shell
Outmost shell
Ion
atom with an unequal number of electrons and protons
Cation
positive charge
Anion
negative charge
Electronegativity
describes how easily it is for an atom to gain electrons to form bonds
Chemical Bonds
an attraction that holds atoms together
Molecule
stable group of atoms held together by chemical bonds
Compound
composed of 2+ different elements
Ionic Bonds
after ions are formed, the (+) and (-) charges keep the cation and anion atoms together
Covalent Bonds
sharing of a pair of valence electrons by two atoms
Polar
electrons are shared unequally (charged)
Non-Polar
electrons are shared equally (no charge)
Law of Mass Conservation
all atoms present in the reactants are still present in the products
Water shares what kind of bonds
Hydrogen bond (polar molecule)
Cohesion
water molecules stick to each other
Adhesion
water molecules stick to substances
High Specific Heat
Amount of heat 1g of something must absorb/release to change the temperature by 1 degree Celsius
High Heat of Vaporization
amount of heat to convert 1g liquid to gas
