biology Flashcards
what is DNA?
It’s Deoxyribonucleic acid, a double stranded helix made up of nucleic acid that stores genetic information.
What is a complementary base?
Bases that pair up based on this: A and T, G and C
What is a nitrogenous base?
The bases Adenine, Cytosine, Guanine, and Thymine. The are part of the structure of a nucleotide.
What is a Nucleotide
A molecule made up of a nitrogen base, a phosphate group, and a sugar. They are found in DNA and RNA.
What is chromatin?
They are an “unwound” and condensed form of DNA. Kind of like a fibre.
What is a chromosome?
A structure made up of DNA that is EVEN MORE condensed than chromatin, and IS VISIBLE ONLY DURING CELL DIVISION
What are homologous chromosomes?
A pair of chromosomes that carry the same genetic sequence as another chromosome.
What is a gene?
Part of a chromosome that is responsible for traits, and is passed down to offspring. It has a specific DNA base sequence.
What is an allele?
A different form of the same gene
What is a population?
Members of the same species living in the same geographical area at the same time.
What is protein?
A molecule made up of a chain of amino acids.
What is a species?
A group of organisms that can interbreed and produce fertile offspring.
What is a karyotype?
A picture of pairs of homologous chromosomes in a cell.
