Biology Flashcards

1
Q

What is the plasma

A

Different types of cells floating in a liquid inside the blood

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2
Q

Blood contains?

A

Red blood cells, white blood cells and other smaller particles called platelets

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3
Q

What do red blood cells do

A

They transport oxygen and contain the pigment haemoglobin

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4
Q

White blood cells are part of

A

The immune system

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5
Q

What do white blood cells do

A

They destroy bacteria and foreign particles

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6
Q

What are the two main types of white blood cells

A

Phagocytes and lymphocytes

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7
Q

What do lymphocytes do

A

Produce specific antibodies which destroy viruses

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8
Q

What do phagocytes do

A

The carry out phagocytosis by engulfing bacteria

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9
Q

What do vaccines do

A

They allow a dead or altered form of the foreign particle to be introduced to the body so the immune system recognised it on exposure

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10
Q

What do platelets do

A

They help the blood to clot and reduce bleeding

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11
Q

What muscle is the heart made out of

A

Cardiac muscle

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12
Q

What are the four different chambers the heart is made out of

A

Right atrium left atrium right ventricle left ventricle

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13
Q

The fitter the person

A

The lower the resting heart rate

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14
Q

What do the arteries do

A

They carry blood away from the heart

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15
Q

What do the veins do

A

They carry blood back to the heart

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16
Q

What do veins contain

A

They contain valves which prevent back flow of blood

17
Q

What are capillaries

A

They are small vessels which network between arteries and veins

18
Q

Oxygenated blood is

A

Rich in oxygen

19
Q

Deoxygenated blood is

A

Rich in carbon dioxide

20
Q

What are the four major blood vessels leading to and from the heart called

A

Vena cava, pulmonary vein, pulmonary artery and aorta

21
Q

What does the aorta do

A

It carries oxygenated blood away from the body

22
Q

What does the vena cava do

A

It returns deoxygenated blood from the body back to the heart

23
Q

What does the pulmonary vein do

A

Returns oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart

24
Q

What does the pulmonary artery do

A

It carries deoxygenated blood away from the heart to the lungs

25
Q

Why is the left hand side of the muscular wall of the heart thicker than the right

A

Since it has to pump blood all around the body. Whereas the right hand side only has to pump as far as the lungs

26
Q

What does the coronary artery do

A

It supplies the muscular wall of the heart with oxygenated blood

27
Q

How is blood pressure measured

A

Using a either a stethoscope & mercury

28
Q

How does systolic pressure occur

A

When the heart beats and pumps blood into the heart

29
Q

How does diastolic pressure occur

A

When the heart relaxes and fills with blood

30
Q

Why do the lungs inflate

A

To take air into the body and deflate to remove air from the body

31
Q

What do the air sacs do

A

They allow oxygen to pass from the lungs into the blood& carbon dioxide to pass from the blood to the lungs

32
Q

Exercise results in…

A

Faster deeper breathing to get more oxygen to the muscles and get rid of waste carbon dioxide

33
Q

The arc sac is

A

Thin walled & surronded by capillaries

34
Q

A short recovery indicates…

A

Fitness

35
Q

The efficiency of the lungs can be measured using

A

Tidal volume, vital capacity and peak flow

36
Q

What is the vital capacity

A

A measure of the maximum volume of air that a person can breath out in a deep breath

37
Q

What is peak flow

A

The maximum air that u can blow air out of your lungs using a peak flow metre