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Bunny Nayeon 🐰 > Biology > Flashcards

Biology Flashcards

1
Q

Are the remains of traces of an organism from the geologic past that has been preserved in sediment or rock.

A

Fossils

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2
Q

Longest subdivision; based on the abundance of certain fossils

A

Eons

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3
Q

Next to longest subdivision; marked by major changes in the fossil record

A

Eras

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4
Q

Based on types of life existing at the time

A

Periods

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5
Q

Shortest subdivision; marked by differences in life forms and can vary from continent to continent

A

Epochs

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6
Q

It is known as the age of invertebrates

A

Paleozoic Era

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7
Q

It is known as the age of reptiles

A

Mesozoic Era

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8
Q

It is known as the age of mammals

A

Cenozoic Era

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9
Q

It is believed that life begins because of living organism

A

Biogenesis

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10
Q

It is believed that life begins at non-living things.

A

Abiogenesis

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11
Q

An example of abiogenesis is?

A

Creation theory

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12
Q

The first life on earth

A

Microorganisms

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13
Q

It is known where life explodes

A

Cambrian Period

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14
Q

To study the function of an organ

A

Physiology

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15
Q

It is to understand the location of an organ

A

Anatomy

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16
Q

To cut to pieces of dead organisms

A

Dissection

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17
Q

Can plants be dissected

A

Yes

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18
Q

To help you understand the parts and function of an organism

A

Disection

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19
Q

It is used during dissection to prevent contamination to entering the mouth

A

Face Mask

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20
Q

Used in incision, it has a very thin razor attached to metallic or plastic

A

Scalpel

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21
Q

To open the organism widely and much safer

A

Scissors

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22
Q

It is used to clamp or hold the specimen

A

Forceps or thongs

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23
Q

It is used to pin the specimen in a dissecting tray

A

Wax

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24
Q

It is known as the back part of a frog

A

Dorsal

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25
Q

It is known as the front view of a frog

A

Ventral

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26
Q

It is where the air passes on a frog

A

External nares

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27
Q

It is used by frogs for hearing

A

Tympanum or tympanic membrane

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28
Q

It is where waste exits on a frog

A

Cloacal aperture

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29
Q

It is a tissue that connects the toes of a frog and is used for swimming

A

Web

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30
Q

If a frog is larger then its a?

A

Female

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31
Q

If a frog is smaller and has thicker and rough web then its

A

Male

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32
Q

Method of killing a frog before dissection

A

Pithing

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33
Q

The equipment used to kill a frog

A

Probe

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34
Q

is a thin skeletal muscle that sits at the base of the chest and separates the abdomen from the chest.

A

Diaphragm

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35
Q

Adjacent to the Surface of the lungs.

A

Visceral Pleura/Pulmonary Pleura

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36
Q

Adjacent to the inner thoracic wall and Diaphragm

A

Parietal Pleura

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37
Q

right and left branches of the trachea that enter the lung

A

Primary bronchi

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38
Q

branches of the primary that enter each lobe of the lungs

A

Secondary bronchi

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39
Q

more branches of the secondary bronchi

A

Tertiary bronchi

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40
Q

smallest branches within the lungs

A

Bronchioles

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41
Q

microscopic branches of the bronchioles

A

Alveolar ducts

42
Q

terminal air sacs where gas exchange takes place (anatomy resembles a bunch of grapes)

A

Alveoli

43
Q

extends from the larynx toward the lungs.

A

Trachea

44
Q

folds within the larynx that vibrate with expelled air

A

Vocal cords (vocal folds)

45
Q

flap of elastic cartilage that guards the entrance into the larynx; when we are breathing the flap is open, when we swallow, the larynx is pulled upward

A

Epiglottis

46
Q

forms the attachment to trachea

A

Cricoid cartilage

47
Q

largest of the hyaline cartilages, protrudes anteriorly and is commonly called the Adam’s apple

A

Thyroid cartilage

48
Q

helps regulate the volume of air that enters and leaves the lungs.

A

Larynx

49
Q

inferior region that connects to larynx

A

Laryngopharynx

50
Q

middle region behind mouth

A

Oropharynx

51
Q

superior region behind nasal cavity

A

Nasopharynx

52
Q

is a tube formed by skeletal muscle and lined by mucous membrane that is continuous with that of the nasal cavities

A

Pharynx

53
Q

which project from the epithelium and line the nasal mucosa create motions which drain mucus from the nasal passage to the throat from where itis swallowed and digested by stomach juices.

A

Cilia

54
Q

Glands in the nasal mucosa produce a sticky mucus which moistens air and traps bacteria as they enter the respiratory passage.

A

Mucus Glands

55
Q

are cells which line the walls of the arteries that feed the nasal mucosa.

A

Endothelial cells

56
Q

drain tears from the lacrimal (tear) ducts of the eyes, to the nasal mucosa.

A

Nasolacrimal ducts

57
Q

secrete the majority of the mucus which overlies the nerves of the olfactory system

A

Bowman’s glands

58
Q

expand the total surface area of the mucosa and create turbulence in air entering the respiratory passage.

A

Conchae (turbinate bones)

59
Q

refers to the passages through which air travels into the respiratory system.

A

Respiratory section

60
Q

is the dilated area at the nostril opening.

A

Nasal vestibule

61
Q

functions to allow air to enter the respiratory system upon respiration.

A

Nasal Cavity

62
Q

exchange of gases between the blood and body cells. oxygen diffuses into the cells and carbon dioxide moves into the blood.

A

Internal Respiration

63
Q

movement of gases from the lungs to the body cells and back, accomplished by the cardiovascular system.

A

Transport

64
Q

exchange of gases between the air and the blood in the lungs oxygen diffuses into the blood, carbon dioxide diffuses into the lungs.

A

External Respiration

65
Q

movement of air into and out of the lungs

A

Pulmonary ventilation

66
Q

Composed of the trachea, the lungs, and all segments of the bronchial tree (including the alveoli), the organs of the lower respiratory tract are located inside the chest cavity.

A

Lower respiratory tract:

67
Q

Composed of the nose, the pharynx, and the larynx, the organs of the upper respiratory tract are located outside the chest cavity.

A

Upper respiratory tract:

68
Q

When the mud or sand hardens into rock where a footprint, trail or burrow was left behind.

A

Trace Fossil

69
Q

When organism parts are pressed between layers of mud or clay that hardens over time, squeezing the decaying organism away and leaving a carbon imprint in the rock

A

Carbonized fossil

70
Q

Minerals like calcium can soak into the buried remains of an organism. The mineral replaces the remaining bone and changes it into rock.

A

Petrified fossil or permineralized fossil

71
Q

The cavity or mold mentioned above can filled in with mud. When the mud hardens, it takes on the shape of the organism.

A

Cast fossil

72
Q

when sediments bury an organism and the sediment hardens into rock. The organism decays slowly inside the rock, leaving an cavity in the shape of the organism.

A

Mold fossils

73
Q

is the preserved remains of an organism that has died

A

Fossil

74
Q

is a technique used to immobilize or kill an animal by inserting a needle or metal rod into its brain.

A

Pithing

75
Q

A person who described how the position of a rock layer could be used to show the relative age of the layer.

A

Nicholas Steno

76
Q

The layer on the bottom was deposited first and so is the oldest

A

The principle of superposition

77
Q

All rock layers were originally deposited horizontally.

A

The principle of horizontality

78
Q

Originally deposited layers of rock extend laterally in all directions until either thinning out or being cut off by a different rock layer.

A

The principle of original lateral continuity

79
Q

Who person stated thought the surface of the earth was an ever-changing environment and “the past history of our globe must be explained by what can be seen to be happening now.” And what theory is it

A

James Hutton

uniformitarianism

80
Q

He was the first to understand that certain rock units could be identified by the particular assemblages of fossils they contained. Using this information, he was able to correlate strata with the same fossils for many miles, giving rise to the principle of biologic succession.

A

William Smith

81
Q

Each age in the earth‟s history is unique such that fossil remains will be unique.

A

The principle of biologic succession:

82
Q

Each age in the earth‟s history is unique such that fossil remains will be unique.

A

The principle of biologic succession

83
Q

A rock feature that cuts across another feature must be younger than the rock that it cuts.

A

The principle of cross-cutting relationships

84
Q

Small fragments of one type of rock but embedded in a second type of rock must have formed first, and were included when the second rock was forming.

A

Inclusion principle

85
Q

The theory of natural selection was credited to

A

Charles Darwin & Alfred Russel Wallace

86
Q

What book did Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace wrote

A

Origin of Species

87
Q

means the age of one object compared to the age of another, not the exact age of an object.

A

Relative Dating

88
Q

Horizontal beds are uplifted and tilted or eroded followed by new deposition of horizontal beds.

A

Angular

89
Q

Episodes of erosion or nondeposition between layers

A

Disconformity

90
Q

Sediment is deposited on top of eroded volcanic or metamorphic rock (indicates very long passage of time)

A

Nonconformity

91
Q

is the correlation of stratigraphic units based on fossil content.

A

Biostratigraphy

92
Q

are a commonly used index fossil because they are easy to recognize.

A

Trilobites

93
Q

is a common method used to date anything that was once alive (including plants) and up to 70,000 years old.

A

Radiocarbon Dating

94
Q

cannot be used to date formerly living things; however, it is the most commonly used method in igneous rock dating because of the abundance of zircon minerals.

A

Uranium-Lead decay series (U-Pb series)

95
Q

refers to the process where over long periods of time, helpful variations can appear in a species while “unfavorable” one disappear.

A

Natural Selection

96
Q

occurs when no more members of a particular species remains.

A

Extinction

97
Q

Is the largest lobe of the right lung. It extends from the apex of the lung down to the horizontal and oblique fissures. It bears apical, anterior, and posterior bronchopulmonary segments.

A

The Upper Lobe (Right Lung)

98
Q

is the smallest lobe of the right lung, located between the horizontal and oblique fissures. It bears medial and lateral bronchopulmonary segments.

A

The Middle Lobe (Right Lung)

99
Q

It lies beneath the oblique fissure. It bears medial, lateral, superior, anterior, and posterior bronchopulmonary segments.

A

The Lower Lobe (Right Lung)

100
Q

It contains anterior and apicoposterior bronchopulmonary segments. Itis above the oblique fissure.

A

The Upper Lobe (Left Lung)

101
Q

The lobe contains superior, anterior, posterior, medial, and lateral bronchopulmonary segments.

A

The Lower Lobe (Left Lung)

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