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Biology Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

How many cells does the average human body contain?

A

Over 75 trillion

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2
Q

What are they two types of cells?

A

Prokaryotic and eukaryotic

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3
Q

Cells that have no membrane-bound structures inside the cell.

A

prokaryotic

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4
Q

Cells that have a membrane bound structure inside the cell.

A

eukaryotic

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5
Q

What are the basic building blocks of all organisms

A

cells

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6
Q

What organisms are made up of only a single

A

bacteria

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7
Q

What are the parts of the cell

A

outter membrane (also called the cell membrane), organelles, cytoplasm

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8
Q

What is the dictator of the cell

A

the cell membrane

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9
Q

A gelatin like materail that fills the cell

A

cytoplasm

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10
Q

What are examples of organelles

A

nucleus, vacuoles, mitochondria

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11
Q

Specialized parts that move around the cell and perform functions that are necessary for life

A

organelles

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12
Q

The membrane that contains the cells hereditary information and controls the cells growth and reproduction

A

nucleus

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13
Q

The nucleus is an

A

organelle

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14
Q

Determines the chatracteristics and traits fo the organism, such as hair color, leaf shape and so on

A

DNA

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15
Q

Chromosomes reside in the

A

nucleus

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16
Q

What are vacuoles?

A

the storage containers of the cell

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17
Q

Energy for the cell is produced by

A

mitochondria

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18
Q

A series of chemical reactions that combine food and oxygen to create energy and a waste product carbon dioxide is called

A

respiration

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19
Q

Gives the cell a firmer shape and support

A

cell wall

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20
Q

What is the cell wall made of

A

cellulose

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21
Q

Organelles in plant cells that contain chlororphyll

A

chloroplasts

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22
Q

Green organelles that give plants their color

A

chloroplasts

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23
Q

Photosyntesis

A

the process in which chloroplasts interact with light energy, combining carbon dioxide from the like air with water to make food

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24
Q

The basic difference between plant and animal cells is

A

plant cells have cell walls and chloroplasts and animal cells do not

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25
Q

The DNA molecule consists of two long strands that form

A

a double helix

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26
Q

If a cell has a nucleus, the DNA is found in

A

chromosomes

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27
Q

The instructions for the appearance and function of the new organism are contained in units called

A

genes

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28
Q

What are the two reasons for cell division

A

to replace old wornout cells, sexual reproducton

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29
Q

Takes place when cells are replacing themselves because they are old or worn out

A

mitosis

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30
Q

Takes place when cells divide for cell sex formation

A

meiosis

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31
Q

The full set of chromosomes that posses the genetic makeup of both parents

A

46 chromosomes

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32
Q

Reproduction between a sperm and an egg

A

sexual reproduction

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33
Q

Viruses are not alive

A

viruses are not alive

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34
Q

A piece of hereditary material surrounded by a protein coating

A

virus

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35
Q

What do viruses need to reporduce and function

A

a host cell

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36
Q

The flu, the common cold, cold sores, chicken pox, and AIDS are all caused by

A

viruses

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37
Q

All life is categorized into…

A

five kingdoms

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38
Q

The levels of classification within the classification system are

A

kingdom, phylum/division, class, order, family, genus, species

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39
Q

Living things can be classified as

A

consumers and producers

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40
Q

Living things that use an outside energy source such as sunlight, to produce energy

A

producers

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41
Q

Consumers cannot make their own energy in order to live, so they

A

eat other organisms

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42
Q

Consumers may eat only plants, only animals, or both

A

consumers may eat only plants, only animals, or both

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43
Q

The study of plants is called

A

botany

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44
Q

How are plants categorized

A

according to the structure by which the plant absorbs water

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45
Q

Plants transport water from the roots to the stems and to the leaves by means of tubelike structures if they are

A

vascular

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46
Q

If plants absorb water only through their surfaces they are

A

non-vascular

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47
Q

What are the two ways that plants reproduce

A

seeds, spores

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48
Q

Plants that produce flowers are

A

angiosperms

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49
Q

Plants that do not produce flowers are

A

gymnosperms

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50
Q

Food is stored for growing plants in the

A

seed

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51
Q

The part of the seed that stores food is called

A

the cotyledon

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52
Q

Monicots

A

seeds that have one cotyledon

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53
Q

Dicots

A

seeds that have more than one cotyledon

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54
Q

Plants that go through their entire life cycle from germination through seed production to death in one growing season is

A

annual

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55
Q

Plants that have a two year growing cycle are

A

buennials

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56
Q

Plants that lose their leaves in the winter are

A

decidious

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57
Q

Plants that keep their needles all year are

A

evergreen

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58
Q

The major parts of plants are

A

roots, stems, leaves, flowers, fruit

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59
Q

The functions fo the root are

A

absorbing nutrients and water, anchoring the plant into the soil, holding up the stems and leaves, storing food

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60
Q

What are the two types of root systems

A

taproot systems and fibrous root sytems

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61
Q

Describe a taproot system

A

has on fat or sturdy main root with just a few branching roots

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62
Q

Has many branched roots

A

a fibrous root system

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63
Q

The main trunck of a plant is

A

the stem

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64
Q

Stems carry

A

nutrients and water

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65
Q

Places on the stem where buds form

A

nodes

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66
Q

Spaces between nodes

A

internodes

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67
Q

Major function of the plant stem

A

move water, nutrients, and food through the plant

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68
Q

Moves food from the roots through the stem through the leaves

A

phloem tubes

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69
Q

Move minerals and water

A

xylem tubes

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70
Q

The main tissue in the plant stem that surrounds the phloem tubes an the xylem tubes

A

canbium

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71
Q

What part of a plant grows out from the stem

A

leaves

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72
Q

What is the major job of leaves

A

to make food

73
Q

The protective layer of the leaf that reduces evaportion of water from the plant and helps to protect the plant from disease causing organisms is

A

the cuticle

74
Q

The stomata of a leaf is

A

a tiny opening that enables the plant to take in carbon dioxid and release oxygen into the atmosphere

75
Q

Covers the stomata openings and regulate the exchange of water vapor, oxygem and carbon dioxide into and out of the stomata.

A

guard cells

76
Q

The female portion of the flower is the

A

pistil

77
Q

Parts of the pistil are the

A

stigma and the style

78
Q

The stigma is the surface that captures and

A

holds pollen

79
Q

The area between the stigman and the ovaries is

A

the style

80
Q

The male portion fo the flower is teh

A

stamen

81
Q

The filiment is the part of the stamen that holds the

A

anther

82
Q

Where is pollen formed and released

A

the anter

83
Q

Any edible part of a plant that is not a flower is considered to be

A

a vegetable

84
Q

A ripened ovary or group of ovaries containing seeds

A

fruit

85
Q

The only organisms that make their own food

A

green plants

86
Q

When does photosynthesis begin

A

when light strikes a plants leaves

87
Q

What interacts with sunlight to split the water in plants into basic components

A

chlorophyll

88
Q

Simple sugar is produced when

A

carbon dioxide enters the leaf through the stomata and combines with stored energy in the chloroplasts

89
Q

A plants positive or negative responses to various stinuli are called

A

tropisms

90
Q

Response to gravity is called

A

gravitropism

91
Q

When plants respond to light by growing toward it it is called

A

phototropism

92
Q

How are animals characterized

A

vertebrates and invertebrates

93
Q

What are vertebrates

A

animals that have backbones

94
Q

Animasl that do not have backbones are called

A

invertebrates

95
Q

Animals that have a hard shell for protection but are not vertebrates are colled

A

mollusks

96
Q

Where can mollusks live

A

in water or on land

97
Q

Invertebrates that have a tough coating made of chitin on their bodies have what is called an

A

exoskeleton

98
Q

Anthropods

A

invertebrates that have segmented bodies

99
Q

Crustaceans such as shrimp, lobsters, and crabs are called

A

antrhopods

100
Q

3 ways to categorize vertebrates through their diet are

A

herbivores, carnivores, omnivores

101
Q

Herbivores

A

animals that primarily eat plants

102
Q

Carnivores

A

animals that primarily eat meat

103
Q

Omnivores

A

animals that eat meat or plants

104
Q

Vertebrates can be classified according to their body temperatures as

A

warm blooded or cold blooded

105
Q

An animal is called cold blooded when its body temperature

A

follows or matches the external temperature around it

106
Q

Animals that can control their body temperature are

A

warm blooded, their internal body temperature remains the same no matter what the outside temperature

107
Q

The only creatures that are warm blooded are

A

birds and mammals

108
Q

What do mammals use to adapt to temperature changes

A

hair, skin, fur

109
Q

Females produce milk to feed her offspirng

A

mammals

110
Q

Biosphere

A

the sum of all places on Earth where life can exist

111
Q

A collection of all the living creatures an non living features or conditions in a particular environment

A

ecosystem

112
Q

Sharp teeth

A

canines

113
Q

teeth that have a flattened surface for grinding

A

molars

114
Q

The amount of rainfall, the temperature, the soil conditions, the air and the contour of the land are all nonliving features of that environments

A

ecosystem

115
Q

the study of ecosystems, the interactions between and among those living creaturew and nonliving features is called

A

ecology

116
Q

Biodiverstiy

A

the variety of life forms that exist

117
Q

Biodiversity tends to increase as

A

one approaches the equator

118
Q

Biodiveristy is supported by

A

warmer weather

119
Q

Habitat

A

a geographic area with conditions that support the continued reproduction of the species

120
Q

Results from sending carbon dioxide into the atmosphere

A

global warming

121
Q

the branch of biology that deals with the parts of the body, their functions, and the various bodily processes is called

A

physiology

122
Q

human phiology deals with

A

the human body

123
Q

groups of cells arrange themselves into

A

tissues

124
Q

various tissues work together to form

A

organs

125
Q

organs work together to form

A

organ systems

126
Q

the organ systems are the

A 
muscular system
skeletal system
skin/integumentary system
respiratory system
circulatory system
lymphatic system
immune system
excretory system
nervous system
endocrine system
reproductive system
127
Q

allows movement and locomotion

A

muscular system

128
Q

skeltal muscles help move

A

bones

129
Q

bands of tissue that are attached to skeletal muscles

A

tendons

130
Q

what kind of muscle is found in the heart

A

cardiac muscles

131
Q

where are smooth muscles found

A

in some internal organs such as the intestines and bladder

132
Q

a living system that provides shape and support to your body

A

skeletal system

133
Q

exoskeleton

A

skeleton that is on the outside

134
Q

made up of bone and cartilage

A

endoskeleton

135
Q

the skeleton and muscles function together as teh

A

muscluloskeletal system

136
Q

importand components of the bone that make the bone hard are

A

calcium and phosphorus

137
Q

bone forming cells are

A

osteoblasts

138
Q

places where your bones come together are called

A

joints

139
Q

Ligaments

A

bands of tissue that hold joints together

140
Q

the three major types of joints are

A

ball and socket joints
pivot joints
hinge joints

141
Q

outermost protective layer

A

skin.integument

142
Q

the largest organ in your body

A

skin

143
Q

helps regulate your body temperature by expanding and constricting blood vessels and throught the operation of the sweat glands

A

skin

144
Q

sweat glands

A

move perspiration or sweat onto the skin where evaporation takes place and cools the skin

145
Q

the three layers of the skin are the

A

epidermis
dermis
fat

146
Q

the outermost thinner layer of skin

A

epidermis

147
Q

the layer of skin containing blood vessels, nerves, muscles, and oil and sweat glands

A

dermis

148
Q

the layer of skin under the dermis is

A

fat

149
Q

skin gets it color from

A

melanin

150
Q

takes in oxygen and moves out waste material of carbon dioxide

A

respiratory system

151
Q

the respiration system includes

A

lungs, pathwatys connecting them to the outside environment, and structures in the chest involved with moving air in an out of the lungs

152
Q

when we breath in, air enters the body through the nose, where it is warmed, filtered, and passed through

A

the nasal cavity

153
Q

prevents food from entering the trachea

A

the epiglottis

154
Q

the upper part of the trachea contains the

A

larnyx

155
Q

after passing the larynx, the air moves into the

A

bronchi

156
Q

carries air out of the lungs

A

the bronchi

157
Q

the smaller and smaller tubes branching in the bronchi

A

bronchioles

158
Q

the bronchioles terminate little sacs known as

A

alveoli

159
Q

alveoli are surrounded by a netowrk of thin walled

A

capillaries

160
Q

the exchange of oxygen takes place between the

A

alveoli and the capillaries

161
Q

oxygen is picked up and carried off to various parts of the body by

A

hemoglobin

162
Q

waste material is transferred to the aveoli and eventually out fo our bodies during

A

exahalation

163
Q

breathing is different from

A

respiration

164
Q

the physical action of moving the diaphram up and down which allows air to enter the lung is called

A

breathing

165
Q

hoar oru body uses the oxygen from the air we inhale and eliminate the carbon dioxide when we exhale is called

A

respiration

166
Q

digestion

A

the mechanical and chemical means of breaking food into particles small enough to pass into the blood stream

167
Q

the chemical breakdown begins when food interacts with

A

saliva

168
Q

the long tube with musckles that contract and move food into the stomach is the

A

esophogus

169
Q

a small sac or bag that is a part of the digestive system

A

stomach

170
Q

the stomach mixes food by a process called

A

peristalsis

171
Q

waves of muscle contractions

A

peristalsis

172
Q

from the stomach, food moves into

A

the small intestine

173
Q

duodenum

A

the uppper part of the small intestine where most of digestion takes place

174
Q

bile is produced in

A

the liver

175
Q

fluid that promotes the chemical digestion of carborhydrates, proteins and fats

A

pancreatic fluid

176
Q

absorption of food takes place

A

in the small intestine

177
Q

water is absorbed in

A

the large intestine

178
Q

the main job of the circulatory system is to

A

move oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, waste products, imune components and hormones through the body

General Science (2 decks)

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