biology

Question 1

transformation

Answer 1

Any change in an organism that alters its general character and mode of life; post-natal biological transformation or metamorphosis.

Question 2

bacteriophage

Answer 2

a type of virus that infects bacteria

Question 3

nucleotide

Answer 3

A molecule consisting of a nitrogen-containing base, a phosphate group, and a sugar

Question 4

base pairing

Answer 4

the amount of guanine is equal to cytosine and the amount of adenine is equal to thymine.

Question 5

Chromatin

Answer 5

a mixture of DNA and proteins that form the chromosomes found in the cells of humans and other higher organisms

Question 6

histone

Answer 6

A type of protein found in chromosomes. histones bind to DNA, help give chromosomes their shape, and help control the activity of genes.

Question 7

replication

Answer 7

the action or process of reproducing or duplicating. replication of DNA.

Question 8

DNA polymerase

Answer 8

a specific class of enzyme found in all living organisms. Its main purpose is to replicate DNA and to help in the repair and maintenance of DNA. The enzyme is critical to the transmission of genetic information from generation to generation.

Question 9

messenger rna

Answer 9

A type of RNA found in cells. Messenger RNA molecules carry the genetic information needed to make proteins. They carry the information from the DNA in the nucleus of the cell to the cytoplasm where the proteins are made. Also called mRNA.

Question 10

ribosomal rna

Answer 10

help hold ribosomal proteins in place and help locate the beginning and end of the mRNA message. They may also carry out the chemical reaction that joins amino acids together.

Question 11

transfer rna

Answer 11

Transfer RNA (abbreviated tRNA) is a small RNA molecule that plays a key role in protein synthesis. Transfer RNA serves as a link (or adaptor) between the messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule and the growing chain of amino acids that make up a protein.May 10, 2022

Question 12

transcription

Answer 12

The first step in making a protein is called transcription. This is when the cell makes a copy (or “transcript”) of the DNA.

Question 13

rna polymerase

Answer 13

the essential enzyme responsible for transcribing the genetic information stored in DNA to RNA.

Question 14

promoter

Answer 14

A DNA segment that allows region of DNA to be transcribed and helps RNA polymerase to find where a gene starts.

Question 15

intron

Answer 15

a segment of DNA in a eukaryotic gene that does not codes for amino acids in a protein

Question 16

exon

Answer 16

a segment of DNA in a eukaryotic gene that codes for amino acids in a protein

Question 17

codon

Answer 17

a sequence of three bases of messenger RNA that specifies a particular amino acid to be incorporated into a protein; certain codons also signal the beginning or end of protein synthesis.

Question 18

translation

Answer 18

the process where the sequence of bases of messenger RNA is converted into the sequence of amino acids of a protein

Question 19

anticodon

Answer 19

a sequence of three bases in transfer RNA that is complementary to the three bases of a codon of messenger RNA

Question 20

mutation

Answer 20

a change in the DNA sequence of an organism.

Question 21

point mutation

Answer 21

occurs in a genome when a single base pair is added, deleted or changed.

Question 22

frameshift mutation

Answer 22

An insertion or deletion involving a number of base pairs that is not a multiple of three, which consequently disrupts the triplet reading frame of a DNA sequence.

Question 23

operon

Answer 23

a cluster of genes which have a common promoter, they are transcribed as a single mRNA

Question 24

operator

Answer 24

a segment of DNA to which a repressor binds

Question 25

hox gene

Answer 25

a group of related genes that specify regions of the body plan of an embryo along the head-tail axis of animals.