Biology Flashcards
Hyperbaric oxygen may be used as a treatment for certain types of bacterial infections. In this therapy, the patient is placed in a chamber in which the partial pressure of oxygen is significantly increased, increasing the partial pressure of oxygen in the patient’s tissues. This treatment is most likely used for infections with:
obligate anaerobe bacteria
Which of the following does NOT describe connective tissue cells?
They account for most cells in muscles, bones, and tendons.
Which of the following types of nucleic acid could form the genome of a virus?
I. Single-stranded RNA
II. Double-stranded DNA
III. Single-stranded DNA
I, II, and III
The theory of spontaneous generation states that living organisms can arise from nonliving material. In 1859, Pasteur demonstrated that no organisms emerged from sterilized growth media, weakening the theory of spontaneous generation and supporting which tenet of cell theory?
Cells arise only from preexisting cells.
Mitochondrial DNA is:
I. circular.
II. self-replicating.
III. single-stranded.
I and II only.
Which of the following is NOT a function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?
Protein synthesis.
What is the main function of the nucleolus?
Ribosomal RNA synthesis
Which of the following organelles is surrounded by a single membrane?
Lysosomes
Which of the following is NOT a difference that would allow one to distinguish a prokaryotic and a eukaryotic cell?
Presence of a membrane on the outside surface of the cell
Which of the following does NOT contain tubulin?
Microfilaments
Herpes simplex virus (HSV) enters the human body and remains dormant in the nervous system until it produces an outbreak after exposure to heat, radiation, or other stimuli. Which of the following statements correctly describes HSV?
Herpes simplex virus adds its genetic information to the genetic information of the cell.
Resistance to antibiotics is a well-recognized medical problem. Which mechanism(s) can account for a bacterium’s ability to increase its genetic variability and thus adapt itself to resist different antibiotics?
I. Binary fission
II. Conjugation
III. Transduction
II and III only
A bacterial cell is noted to be resistant to penicillin. The bacterium is transferred to a colony that lacks the fertility factor, and the rest of the colony does not become resistant to penicillin. However, the penicillin-resistant cell has also started to exhibit other phenotypic characteristics, including secretion of a novel protein. Which of the following methods of bacterial recombination is NOT likely to account for this change?
Conjugation
In Alzheimer’s disease, a protein called the amyloid precursor protein (APP) is cleaved to form a protein called β-amyloid. This protein has a β-pleated sheet structure and precipitates to form plaques in the brain. This mechanism of disease is most similar to which of the following pathogens?
Prions
After infection of a cell, a viral particle must transport itself to the nucleus in order to produce viral proteins. What is the likely genomic content of the virus?
Double-stranded DNA
