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GCSE Science Content and Revision > Biology > Flashcards

Biology Flashcards

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1
Q

What cell type is an animal cell?

A

Eukaryotic

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2
Q

Name the function of the cell membrane!

A

Controls what goes in and out of the cell

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3
Q

What happens in the ribosomes?

A

Protein synthesis takes place

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4
Q

What does protein synthesis mean?

A

To make protein

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5
Q

What happens in the mitochondria?

A

It releases energy for the cell via the process of aerobic respiration

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6
Q

What is stored in the nucleus and what does it do?

A

It contains DNA and controls the activities of the cell

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7
Q

What is the cytoplasm?

A

Its a jelly-like substance where all chemical reactions take place

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8
Q

What is an organelle?

A

Individual components that make up the cell to help it to function

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9
Q

How do we write a chemical reaction equation?

A

reactant + reactant ——–> product + product

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10
Q

What is the equation for aerobic respiration?

A

glucose + oxygen —> carbon dioxide + water

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11
Q

What is glucose?

A

A type of sugar

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12
Q

What is carbon dioxide?

A

A gas we breathe out

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13
Q

What is oxygen?

A

A gas we breathe in

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14
Q

What are reactants?

A

Chemical components that are reacted together

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15
Q

What are products?

A

What is made at the end of a chemical reaction

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16
Q

What is aerobic respiration?

A

A chemical reaction that happens in only the mitochondria to release energy for the cell

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17
Q

What are eukaryotic cells?

A

Any cell or organism that has a nucleus

18
Q

What are 5 main parts of an animal cell?

A

Nucleus, cell membrane, cytoplasm, ribosomes, mitochondria

19
Q

What is the function of the vacuole?

A

Acts like a pump for the cell to keep a rigid shape for the cell. It contains cell sap which is a weak solution of sugars and salts.

20
Q

What is the function of the cell wall?

A

Made up of cellulose and maintains the plant cells rigid structure and provides support and strength

21
Q

What is cellulose?

A

A type of carbohydrate which is made up of long straight lines of glucose

22
Q

What is the function of the chloroplasts?

A

Where photosynthesis takes place

23
Q

What does the chloroplast contain and what does it do for the plant cell?

A

Chlorophyll is a green pigment which absorbs light energy for photosynthesis

24
Q

What is an example of a prokaryotic cell?

A

Bacteria

25
Q

What are prokaryotic cells?

A

Cells that do not have membrane bound organelles

26
Q

What is chromosonal dna?

A

Main loops of dna that is free floating in the cytoplasm

27
Q

What are plasmids?

A

Extra, small, circular loops of dna that can carry antibiotic resistance genes and pass them along several generations

28
Q

What is antibiotic resistance?

A

A medicine that kills bacteria so some bacteria have small sections of dna that help to become resistant to the antibiotic

29
Q

Where can you find antibiotic resistance?

A

In plasmids

30
Q

What is the shape of dna?

A

Double helix

31
Q

Name two differences of a prokaryotic cell?

A

Ribosomes are smaller, shape of dna is circular

32
Q

Name two differences of a eukaryotic cell?

A

Have mitocondria, ribosomes are larger

33
Q

What is the function of the flagellum?

A

Long hair like structure that allows bacteria to move and rotate

34
Q

What is the structure of a bacteria cell?

A

Flagellum, plasmid, chromosonal dna, cell wall, cell membrane, cytoplasm, ribosomes

35
Q

What is the equation for magnification?

A

Image size ÷ actual size

36
Q

How do you get from cm — >mm —> μm —> nm?

A

cm —-> mm=x10 mm —-> μm=x100 μm —->nm=x100

37
Q

How do you work out the length of one cell?

A

Diameter of the field of view ÷ number of cells

38
Q

What is a light microscope?

A

Uses glass and light to view the specimen

39
Q

What is an electron microscope?

A

Uses electrons and magnetic lenses to view the specimen

40
Q

How do you work out total magnification?

A

eye piece lens x objective lens

GCSE Science Content and Revision (3 decks)

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