Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

NMAT > Biology > Flashcards

Biology Flashcards

1
Q

___ are extensions of the cell membrane that penetrate into the center of the skeletal and cardiac muscle. It carry the action potential into the interior of the cell

A

T-tubules (transverse tubules)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

the basic contractile unit of muscle fiber. highly organized arrangement of the contractile myofilaments actin (thin filament) and myosin (thick filament), along with other support proteins.

A

sarcomere

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

an intracellular junction that anchors the ends of cardiac muscle fibers together so the cells do not pull apart during the stress of individual fibers contracting

A

desmosome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

are channels for communication between adjacent cells. It allow exchange of ions and small molecules

A

gap junctions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Contractile structure of striated muscle. Are composed of repeating contractile units known as sarcomeres

A

myofibrils

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Contractile structure of striated muscle. Are composed of repeating contractile units known as sarcomeres

A

myofibrils

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

they have an amino acid sequence that is programmed by a unit of inheritance known as gene; thus, they can store and transmit hereditary information

A

nucleic acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

they include polymers, generally with the molecular formulas of the unit CH₂O, thus they can serve as fuel and building material

A

carbohydrates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

they have many structures, resulting in a wide range of functions; thus, they can serve as structures for support, storage, transport, and cellular signaling, and defense against foreign substances

A

protein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

they are assembled from smaller molecules such as glycerol by dehydration reactions, thus, they can store large amounts of energy

A

lipids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Also called migration. It is any movement of individuals, and/or the genetic material they carry, from one population to another.

A

gene flow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

the change in frequency of an existing gene variant in the population due to random chance

A

genetic drift

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Occurs when a DNA gene is damaged or changed in such a way as to alter the genetic message carried by that gene

A

mutation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

form of passive transport: Movement of particles from an area of high concentration to lower concentration

A

diffusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

form of passive transport when water molecules move from low solute concentration (high water concentration) to high solute or low water concentration across a membrane that is not permeable to the solute

A

osmosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

product/s of light-dependent reaction

A

ATP, NADPH, O2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

products of light-independent reaction (Calvin Cycle)

A

NADP+, ADP, G3P (Two G3P can be made into C6H12O6 → glucose)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

DNA: naked, circular, usually no introns

prokaryote or eukaryote

A

prokaryote

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

DNA: bound to protein, linear, double helix, usually has introns

prokaryote or eukaryote

A

eukaryote

19
Q

organelles: no nucleus, no true membrane-bound nucleus, 70s ribosomes

prokaryote or eukaryote

A

prokaryote

20
Q

organelles: has a nucleus, has true membrane-bound nucleus, 80s ribosomes

prokaryote or eukaryote

A

eukaryote

21
Q

~1-5 um

prokaryote or eukaryote

A

prokaryote

22
Q

~10-100 um

prokaryote or eukaryote

A

eukaryote

23
Q

metabolic pathway: Large molecules are broken down into smaller molecules. Energy is released

A

catabolic

24
Q

metabolic pathway: Small molecules are built into large molecules. It requires energy

A

anabolic

25
Q

endergonic or exergonic

free energy is released

A

exergonic

26
Q

endergonic or exergonic

downhill reaction (more energy in reactants than product)

A

exergonic

27
Q

endergonic or exergonic

free energy is absorbed

A

endergonic

28
Q

endergonic or exergonic

uphill reaction (products contain higher energy than the reactant)

A

endergonic

29
Q

endergonic or exergonic

the reaction is non-spontaneous and unfavorable

A

endergonic

30
Q

endergonic or exergonic

the reaction is spontaneous and favorable

A

exergonic

31
Q

cell cycle:
DNA polymerase is at its highest at ____

A

S phase

32
Q

cell cycle:
they regulate the activation of several genes whose products are required for DNA synthesis.

A

E2Fs

33
Q

cell cycle:
a critical tumor suppressor gene that blocks cell cycle progression by inhibiting E2F transcription factors when unphosphorylated.

this inhibits the cell from entering to ____ phase

A

Rb (retinoblastoma protein); S phase

34
Q

what are needed for light-dependent reaction to take place?

A

sunlight, NADP+. ADH, H2O

35
Q

what are needed for light-independent reaction (Calvin cycle) to take place?

A

ATP, NADPH, CO2

36
Q

mechanism of evolution: individuals with certain traits will survive and reproduce more than individuals who lack traits that fit into their living environment

A

natural selection

37
Q

mechanism of evolution: the process by which humans choose individual organisms with certain phenotypic trait values for breeding

A

artificial selection

38
Q

any of the proteins that mediate the transport of various molecules across biological membranes

A

permease

39
Q

an enzyme which can connect two strands of DNA together by forming a bond between the phosphate group of one strand and the deoxyribose group on another

A

DNA ligase

40
Q

enzymes that cleave the phosphodiester bond within a polynucleotide chain.

A

Endonuclease

41
Q

an enzyme that attaches the appropriate amino acid onto its tRNA

A

tRNA synthetase

42
Q

is characterized by the presence of F or fertility factor. It is also called the sex factor as it helps in the transfer of genetic materials from one bacterium to another through conjugation

A

F Plasmid

43
Q

just any plasmid containing an antibiotic Resistance gene.

A

R plasmid

44
Q

A bacteriophage that displays lysogenic life cycle

A

Temperate phage

45
Q

A bacteriophage, that infects the bacterial species Escherichia coli

A

Lambda phage

NMAT (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions