biology

Question 1

aka: autotrophs
- Manufactures their own food.
a. Two major:
1. Photosynthesis
Use solar energy

Answer 1

Producers

Question 2

Use energy stored in inorganic molecules

Answer 2

Chemosynthesis

Question 3

gross primary productivity (GPP) Rate at which producers in an ecosystem capture energy of sunlight by producing organic compounds.

Answer 3

Measuring productivity

Question 4

The organic molecule can be used for things such as:
- cell respiration
- maintenance and repair
- growth reproduction

Question 5

organic materials that has been produced in an ecosystem.

Answer 5

Biomass

Question 6

• biomass accumulates- only energy stored as biomass is available to other organisms in the ecosystem.

Answer 6

net primary productivity (NPP)

Question 7

NPP=GPP-R

Question 8

aka Heterotrophs
- Cannot manufacture own food
- Obtain energy by consuming organic materials made by other organisms.
- Grouped based on type of food they eat

Answer 8

Consumers

Question 9

1. Primary consumer herbivore
2. Secondary consumer east herbivores
3. Tertiary consumer eats consumer

Question 10

• consumers on detritus/dead organic material.
  - ex: organisms that recently died, fallen leaves, and animal waste.

Answer 10

Detritivores

Question 11

• Cause decay by breaking down the organic material
  - ex: bacteria & fungi

Answer 11

Decomposers

Question 12

• Do not kill for food but eat animals that have already died.
  - typically consume large carrion.

Answer 12

Scavengers

Question 13

a. Food chain
-Model showing sequence of feeding
- Follows the connection between producer and single chain of consumer

Answer 13

Energy flow

Question 14

-Model showing complex network of feeding relationship
- Flow of energy within ecosystem
- At each link, some energy stored in animal that eats organism, some energy released by energy
- An organism may have many feeding relationship.

Answer 14

Food web

Question 15

the specific role, or way of life, of a species within its environment.

Answer 15

The Niche

Question 16

• includes the range of conditions that the species can tolerate, the resources it uses, methods it obtains resources, and all other interactions with its environment

Question 17

• Consumer
  - Eat one specific organism
  - A small selection of organisms
  - Sensitive to changes of its prey.

Answer 17

Specialist

Question 18

• Consumer
  - Do not rely on single source of food
  - Eats everything

Answer 18

Generalists

Question 19

Changing environment
The place where an organism lives is its habitat.
Each organism can survive within a limited range of environment.
The range in which an organism can thrive in is its tolerance curve.

Answer 19

Ecology of Organisms

Question 20

• some can adjust their tolerance to abiotic factors during their lifetime= Acclimation.

Question 21

Environmental factors change so organisms have one of 2 ways to deal with this.
1. Conformers- organisms that DO NOT regulate internal conditions. Change with the environment

Answer 21

Control of internal conditions

Question 22

organism using energy to control internal conditions over a variety of environmental changes.

Answer 22

Regulators

Question 23

1. dormancy
   - enter a state of reduced activity
   2. migration
      
      • move to a favorable habitat

Answer 23

Escape from unsuitable conditions

Question 23

1. dormancy
   - enter a state of reduced activity
   2. migration
      
      • move to a favorable habitat

Answer 23

Escape from unsuitable conditions

Question 24

• Trophic level: Levels of nourishment in food chain.
  - Depending on what certain organisms eat, can change their level of nourishment.
  - Some energy is lost as heat.

Answer 24

Energy Transfer

Question 25

• only about 10% of the energy is transferred
  - organisms at the lower trophic level outnumber those that are at the uppermost.

Answer 25

limitations of trophic levels