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Science Flashcards (°👅°) > Biology > Flashcards

Biology Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is a cell?

A

Smallest complete unit of life

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2
Q

What is cell theory?

A

All organisms are made of cells, the cell is the basic building block of life, every cell comes from an existing cell

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3
Q

Who discovered cells and when?

A

Robert Hooke 1665

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4
Q

What does the phospholid bilayer do?

A

Doesn’t let water in

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5
Q

What is the definition of tissues?

A

A collection of cells bound together for a specific purpose

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6
Q

What are the 2 main structures of the cell that allows it to move?

A

Cilia (Fleshy Wavy Arms)
Flagella (Thick Tail)

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7
Q

What does the membrane do?

A

Only lets certain things in to the body

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8
Q

What is membrane?

A

The way in which cells move

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9
Q

What are cells composed of?

A

Different organelles, that serve different purposes

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10
Q

What are the 6 characteristics that an object needs to have to be considered alive?

A
  1. Be made of cells
  2. Seek out and consume energy
  3. Be able to respond to things that happen around it
  4. Must be able to adapt
  5. Must grow and change
  6. Must be able to reproduce
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11
Q

What is biology?

A

Scientific study of life

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12
Q

What is an Organelle?

A

The “Organs” of the cells
Cells are composed of Organelles

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13
Q

What is the main job of the Membrane?

A

Border Patrol”
Maintains water intake

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14
Q

What is the name of the sequences in the DNA that create patterns and instructions for the cell to follow?

A

Nitrogen bases

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15
Q

What is Mitosis?

A

The process of replicating cells with no change

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16
Q

What is Meiosis?

A

The process of creating sex (haploid) cells
Which contains 1/2 of the information

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17
Q

What are the 4 nitrogen bases and which 2 bond together?

A

Adenine/Thymine (Always Together)
Cytosine/Guanine (Get Close)

18
Q

What does DNA contain and how is it made up?

A

Sugar Phosphate Backbone
Nitrogen Bases
In a double-helix shape

19
Q

What is the definition of DNA?

A

The instructions for every cell in an organism

20
Q

What are genes?

A

The traits of the organism

21
Q

What are Alleles?

A

Versions of the gene (Dominant, Recessive, etc.)

22
Q

What is the purpose of the Nucleus?

A

It controls the center of the cell, contains the DNA and passes out the instructions from that DNA to the other organelles

23
Q

What is Meiosis?

A

The process of creating sex cells(Haploid cells)

24
Q

What is homologous recombination?

A

When chromosomes swap sections to create slightly different chromosomes.

25
Q

What happens in Prophase 2 of Meiosis?

A

The chromosomes are not duplicated

26
Q

What are the four phases of Mitosis in order?

A

Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase

27
Q

What does the Prophase do?

A

Organzines 2 copied and complete sets of DNA into chromosomes

28
Q

What does the Metaphase do?

A

Lines up 2 sets of chromosomes in the center of the cell

29
Q

What does the Telophase do?

A

Nucleus forms for each cell and the cells get ready to split

30
Q

What does the Anaphase do?

A

Pulls apart the chromosomes so there’s one set of DNA on either side of the cell

31
Q

In meiosis, what happens in Prophase 1?

A

Homologous Recombination occurs

32
Q

In Meiosis, what doesn’t happen in Prophase 1?

A
33
Q

What is a Crossover in Meiosis/Mitosis?

A

When chromosomes line up

34
Q

What happens in Homologous Recombination?

A

The chromosomes swap sections to create slightly different versions

35
Q

What is Interphase?

A

Interphase occurs before and after Mitosis or Meiosis and this is when organelles are made and cells perform their tasks

36
Q

What is Cytokinesis?

A

The splitting of cells
Lit. meaning cell movement

37
Q

What are Ribosomes?

A

The factories of the cell
Assembles proteins
Creates simplified instructions from the Nucleus

38
Q

What is the Endoplasmic reticulum?

A

The assembly line

Rough ER:
ribosomes on the outside; they make proteins

Smooth ER:
no ribosomes; makes carbs/fats

39
Q

What are the Lysosomes?

A

Waste treatment plant of the cell
Deals with waste and byproducts

40
Q

What are the Golgi Bodies/Apparatus?

A

The post office of the cell
Delivers stuff in and out of the cell, vesicles form around it

Science Flashcards (°👅°) (6 decks)

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