Biology Flashcards
Volume of bacteriophage is about ___ of host
1/1000
It is true for viruses
No independent metabolic activities
The genome of inflienza virus is made up of
Single stranded RNA
Polio virus is
Spherical viruses
TMV are
Rod shaped virises
Which of the following is composed of nucleic acid only
Viroids
In prion information is carried through
Protein
The component reponsible for shape of virus
Protein subunit
The genome of most animal virus contains
RNA
Which of the followong is not related to enveloped virus
They are tolerant to antibodies
The bacteriophage replicates only inside the
Bacterial cell
The bacteriophage attaches itself by its tail to the cell wall of bacteriium at
Adhering surface
Hepatitus A virus is
ssRNA
Virus that attack on spinal cord is
Poliovirus
Poliomyelitis affects
Motor neuron
Pigs are reservoir for
Hepatitus E
Virus that affect gental organs
HCV
Which of the following pair of disease is viral
Rabies, Measles
Which virus that infects humans has no vector and is unable to suvive outside human body
No (polio virus,, mumps virus,, chicken pox)) None of these
It act as template for reverse transcriptase
Viral RNA
Common among all virus during infection
Translation in cytoplasm
Which one is not an opportunistic disease related to HIV infection
Destruction of body immune system
The main target of HIV ib AIDS is
HELPER T Lymphocytes
Which of the followong is simplest forms ofpathogens causing disease
Prions
The filterable agents were first purified in 1935 when, Stanely was successful in crystallizing the
Tobacco mosiac virus
Which virus has no nucleic acid
Prions
Which is not viral disease
Tetanus
Which of the following is an example of anabolic process
Photosynthesis
Mammalian cell contain 1.1 percent
RNA
Which property of water play an important role in regulation of heat produced by oxidation
Heat of vapourization
Which property of water helps to main the integriry of lipid membranes
Hydrophobic exclusion
It doesnot yeild glucose on complete hydrolysis
Chitin
Formation of trisaccharide involves release of ______ water molecule
2
How many carbon atoms are present inside the ring of furanose
4
Which of the following carbons are present outside the ring of fructose
1st and 6thcarbon
In disaccaride if carbon atoms are 12 then how many OH groups will be present
8
The simpleat monosaccharide containing keto grop
Dihydroxyacetone
Which of the following type of carbihydrates has high molecular weight and is sparingly soluble in water
Polysacharide
Pure form of cellulose is
Cotton
_______is the storage of carbohydrate in animal and humans which is equivalent to the _______in plants
Glycogen, starch
How many type of amino acid are present in the cell
170
A globular protein consisit of maore than one polypeptide chain has
Quaternary structure
A protein having secondary structure posses
Hydrogen binding and peptide bond
Muscle hemoglobin posses
Tertiary structure
Proteins if hair, hirns, feather and other skin parts are
Structural protein
How many peptide bond are present in insuline molecule
49
Polypeptide chain bends and folds upon itself to form a globular shape. This is protein’s
Tertiary structure
Which molecular structure of enzyme is essential for activity of enzyme
Tertiary structure
Sexodary structure if lrotein is fou d in
Keratin
Back bone of amino acid comprises of
C-C-N
Bonds present in alpha helix are
Hydrogen bonds
Which if the following is a protease
Renin
It is an amino acid and also a part of phospholipid
Serine
Myeline sheath of lipid is conposed of
Sphingolipids
How many double bond is present in R-group if oleic acid
1
It is unsaturated fatty acid
Oleic axid
Which of the following type of RNA is catalytic in Nature
Ribozyme
Nucleo histone is present in
Chromosomes
How much quantity of lipid is lresent in gram negative bacteria
11-12%
Gram positive bacteria have
No outer membrane
Nuceoid in bacteria is stained with
Feulgen dye
E. Coli closed circle chromosome measures approximately
14000um
Which is self replicating organalle in bacteria and not essential for bacterial growth and metabolism
Plasmid
Which control growth and metabolic activities of bacteria
Nucleoid
A gel like substance present between the plasma membrane amd nuceoid is called
Cytoplasmin matrix
Largest number of bacteria may be found in the arrangement called as
Streptococci
Syphilis is caused by
Spirochete
In which of the following shapes gut living symbiont E. Coli is found
Rod
Arrangement of covcus bacteria in chain is called
Streptococci
Rod shaped bacteria is called
Bacilli
Largest bacteria among the following is
Epulopiscium fishelsoni
Primary stain used in gram staining is
Crystal violet
Archeobacteria in their structure
Peptidoglycan
Glycocalyx is made up of
Polysaxxharide
In gram negative bacteria the outer membrane is made up of
Lipoprotein
Cell wall of a bacterium doesnot include
Plasma membrane
Some bacteria are resistant to phagocytosis due yo the lresence of
Slime
It is characteristic true for gram positive bacteria
Less lipid than gram gram negative
Respiratory enzyme in bacteria are present in
Mesosomes
Dormant thick walled dessication resistant body
Cyst
Member of kingdom monera devoid of cell wall
Mycoplasma
Bacteria plasma membrane is not involved in
Maintenance of cell shape
Which is not true about bacterial spore
Produced during differentiation of vegetative cells
Nucleoid is the strucure not found in
Goblet cells
If one of the following is missing bacteria cannot increase number of its plasmid copies
Origin of replication
When tuft of flagella is present at both the ends in the structire of bacterial cell then the condition is called
Amphitrichous
Which if the following is divide by fission
Bacteria
A bacteria which has a group of two or more flagella inserted at one pole of the cell
Lophotrichous
It is not true about archea
Inhibited by antibiotics
A similarity that can be present between flagella of bacteria and an animal cell
Motility as function
Chances of _______having a flagella are rare
Diplococcus
What is false statement about pili
True pili present in gram positive and negative bacteria
Bacteria that can live in intestine and produce vitamin K belongs to
Bacillus
Chemotherapeutic are
Antibiotics
Antibiotics and hormones can be strilized by using
Membrane filtration
Which ia not true about antibiotics
Can also be synthesized in laboratory
Treatment by using attenuated culture of bacteria is called
Vaccination
Which of the following antibiotics causes permanent discoloration of teeth in young children if it is misused
Tetracycline
Bacteria present in canned food is
Clostridium botulinium
Which is present in intestine of animals
Campylobacter jejuni
_________are used for sterilization process
Flask
Which method causes the oxidation of chemical constituents of a bacterial cell
Dry heat
Largest specie of bacteria is
Spirochaeta plicatilis(250um long)
Location of staphylococcus aureus
Nose, skin
Location of viridans streptococci
Mouth, nasopharynx
Which are examples of chemotherapeutic agents
Suphonamide,, tetracycline, penicillin
Cyanobactwria unlike other types of bateria that photosythesis, do
Give off oxygen
Most pathogenic bacteria cause disease by
Directly destroying individual cell of hoat
Cyanobacteria
Have chlorophyll
Facultative anaerobes
Donot always need oxygen
When one or more falgella araises only from one or both ends of a rod or spiral shaped cell the arrangemnt is termed as
Polar
What is the output of kreb cycle
4Co2 , 4ATP, 6NADH, 2FADH2
WHAT IS INPUT OF KREB CYCLE
2 ACETYL GROUPS, 2 ADP AND 2PI
6NAD, 2FAD
Name the mobile carrier of electron in ETC
Cyt Q, CYT c
Who proposed chemiosmosis theory if ATP production in mitochondria and chloroplast
Peter Mitchell in 1978
Addition of inorganic molecules to any organic molecule it is called
Phosphorylation
Net product if substraye level phosphorylation is
2ATP
How many ATP are produced by chemiosmosis through ETC
32ATP
In substrate level phisphorylation how many ATP are consumed
4ATP
Mitochondrial membrane is impermiable for
NADH
Eukaryote yeild ______ of ATP Than Prokaryotes
2 less number of ATP
After photosynthsis the fixed carbons leave the chloroplast in the form of
Dihydroxyacetone phosphate
In Calvin cycle PGAL molecules are converted into glucose within the
Chloroplast
Which is important link between anabolism and catabolism
ATP
Cytochrome litteraly mean
Cell colour
Ubiquinone is
Lipid insoluble in water
Pyruvate enter mitochondria via
Active transport
Specteopgotometer is used to measure
Absorbtion if O2
Which shows effectiveness of wavelength of light driving photosynthesis
Narrow spectrum
Conversion of light energy into chemical energy is the function of
Mitochondria
The source of oxygen released during photosynthesis
Water
Van Neil hypothesis about the production of oxygen during photosynthesis was based on study and investigation on
Protonema
Air contain________percentage of carbin dioxide
0.03-0.04
All of the following are difference between Chl a and Chb except
Chl a is present in antenna cinplex while Chl b is in reaction center
Location of phytol tail of chlorophyll b is
Thylakoid membrane
It is not a function of carotenoid
Convert light energy into chemical energy
The final acceptor of electrons during the noncyclic electron pathway is
NADP
WATER splits during photosynthesis in
Interior space of thylakoid
For fixing 3 molecule of Co2 what is needed
9 ATP AND 6 NADPH2
NADH is oxidized during
Lactic acid fermentation
Amount of energy extracted from glucose molecule during respiration without oxygen
2%
In cellular respiration product formed as a result of energy
ATP
Water is released during conversion of
2phosphoglycerate ——PEP
Which of the following represents dephosphorylation
Fructose1;3 bisphosphoglycerate —–3 phosphoglycerare
Starting from end products of glycolysis, how amny molecule of Co2 are produced up to yhe fromation of succinate in a single kreb cycle
3
The precursor of fumarate during Kreb cycle require_______ for fumarate synthesis
Succinate dehydrogenase
Deamination of aminoacid takes place in
Liver
An 18 carbon fatty acid is converted into how many acetyl CoA molecule
9
High concentration of NADH inhibits
Pyruvate decarboxylase
Phosphofructokinase is inhibited by
High concentration of ATP
Pancreatic zymogen are only activated when they reached at
Small intestine
The nodules of lymphoid tissue found in the wall of the intestinal tract are termed as
Peyer’s patches
Zymogen cells secretes
Pepsinogen
It is not produced by duodenum
Bilivirdin
Salivary amylase acts on
Starch
Trypsinogen is activated yo trypsin by
Enterokinase
Cell that lower the ph of stomach
Parietal
Erpsin work on
Peptone
What is true about pepsin
It is produced in inactivated form
Secretion of secretin is forced by
Food from stomach
Botulism is severe form if
Food poisoning
Which enzyme is found in saliva
Ptyalin
Its length is 2.4 and comprises 2/5 of small intestine
Jejunum
Pair of salivary glands located behind jaws is called
Submaxillary gland
Largest gland in human body
Liver
Largest part of large intestine
Colon
What is length of duodenum in cm
25-30
Which of the following would most greatly increase the activity of an enzyme functioning in the small intestine
Increase the amount of enzyme
What is the pH of fresh HCL
1.5
Bacteria live in himan body for enzymatic source and vitamin
Enterococcus
The semi solid mass in stomach is knowns as
Chyme
Function irrelevant to oral cavity
Absorbtion
The deficiency of which of the following cause the immunodeficieny
Adenosine deaminase
Pathogens inside the human body are killed by
Immune system cells
Which of the following is not involved in respiration
Glucagon
The epiglottis a flap of tissues cover the
Larynx
What is breathing rate in human during exercise
30 times per minute
A surfactant is a secreatort product that is composed of
Protein and lipid
In human total xapacity of lungs is about
2.5 lit
What is human breathing rate during hard physical work
30-40 times per minute
The smaller tube within chest cavity having cartilagenous plates is knowns as
Bronchi
What is the length of windpipe
12cm
The cartilage protect trachea from
Collapse
The oxygen and carbon dioxide crosses the plasma membrane by the process of
Passive diffusion
A sufactant plays its role by
Decreasing surface tension
Amount of oxygen in inspired air is 21% while in expired air is
0.16
Intercoastal muscles found in
Ribs
Which is not true about himan lungs
They are opened sacs
The space inside the chest cavity during inspiration is
Increased
The covering of lung is termed as
Pleural membrane
In which of the following type of animal would you expect the digestive tract to be more complex
Those with two openings
How many sites of digestion are present in the digestive system of man
3
Cooking of the food and ________ in the mouth significantly improve the digestibility of food stuff by the enzyme
Mastication
On taking spoon of boiled rice and after partial digestion, which of the following biomolecule cannot be the part of bolus
Monosaccharide
Main function of NaHCO3 and other salts in buccal cavity is to
Stabilize the pH
Which is different from others
Amylase
More gastric juice is produced by gastric glands on the stimulation if a hormone
Gastrin
The digestive enzyme which is absent in adults
Rennin
Gastric glands are composed of _______ type of cells
3
HCL in gastric juice is secreated by which one of the following cells
Oxyntic cells
Protein components of food are digested by the enzyme secreation of
Zymogen cells
Digestive system consist of different layers the innermist in known as
Mucosa
Food enter from stomach into small intestine through
Cardiac sphincter
Which of the following is produced from both intestinal lining and pancrease
Lipase
Which of the following do not pass from the small intestine to the large intestine
Gastrin and secretin
Fats pass into blood via
Right lymphatic duct
Which of the following is not a component of intestinal juice
Ptyalin
Which of the following is incorrect regarding to trypsin and pepsin
Both act as same site and pH
Which one of the following is endocrine pair present in digestive canal
Stomach and duodenum
The hormone which increase the secreation of pancrease juice is
Secretin
Release of NaHCO3 and many enzyme recauired for intestinal digestion is related with
Pancrease
The acidity dietry contents of the stomach on reaching small intestine are neutealized by_______ produce by _________
Bicarbinate, pancrease
Hepatic and pancreatic secreation are also stimulated by a hormone called
Secretin
All pancreatic components of food can be digested by
Pancreatic juice
The large intestine in human
Absorb H2O and electrolyte
Movement of material across ileum to large intestine is guarded by
Ileocical sphincter
Mucus secreating goblet cells are present in _________
Trachea
All of the following are lined with mucus membrane of viliated epithelium except
Bronchioles
A complex cartilagenous structure surrounding the upper end of the trachea
Larynx
Trachea lies _____ to the esophagus
Ventral
Human pharynx is divided into _____ section
3
The repiratory bronchioles terminate in elongated airways called
Alveolar duct
Surfactant is present in
Alveoli
Which of the following is bot the function of sufactant
Filtration of blood
Which energy is consumed in breathing
Chemical
Find out incorrect statement
Exhaled air is comparatively dried than inhaled air
During inspiration fresh air moves in which has high percentage of
N2
Partial pressure of oxygen is maximum in
Inspired air
Which if the following plays passive role in breathing
Lungs
If you hold deep breath for long time CO2 levels are likely to ________and the pH of body fluid is likely to ______
Increase, decrease
Which of the following correctly describes the binding affinities of gases with haemoglobin?
COgreater than CO2 greater than O2
O2 pressure in cells or tissue is
Less than 60 mmHg
All of the following can bind with haemoglobin except
HCO3-
WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING EXPLAIN INCIRRECTLY THE BINDING OF INORGANIC COMPONENT IN STRUCTURE FOUND UN ERYTHROCYTES
Co with organic portion of haem
All of the following occur due to presence of CO 2 in blood except
Increase respiratory volume
During inspiration rhe space inside the chest cavity is increasd due to
The contraction if the muscles of the diaphgram
Active transpoet is selective and depends upon
Respiration
The site where most of the water uptake and mineral take place is
Root hair
The roots bears a dense cluster of tiny hair like structure which are extension of
Epidermal cell
Transport ofineral from soil to epidermal cells of root via carrier protein molecules along their concentration gradient is called
Facilitated diffusion
Water potential if pure water is
Zero
To attain maximum turgidity if cell it mist be placed in
Distilled water
In a __________ solution solute and pressure potential are equal to water potential
Isotonic
The pathway adopted by water in plants through adjacent cell wall is
Apoplast pathway
In root cell _____ pathway become discontinous in the endodermis due to presence of casparian stripes
Apoplast
Water and minerals move down theri conc gradients theough plasmodeamata to cell of cortex, endodermis, pericycleand then to sap in xylem xells this us also knowns as
Symplast pathway
Oxygen content of frsh air is about
200ml
All of the following facilitates the release of O2 from haemoglobin except
High pH
In reduced form haemoglovin carries
Hydrogen ion
Carboxyhaemoglobin is formed when Co2 combines with
Amino group of haemoglobin
Gaseous exchange in animals takes place with the help of process caleed
Diffusion
Tidal volume of lungs is
0.5 lit
The residual volume is
1.5 lit
Inspiratory reserved volume is
3000ml
Which of the following is false about haemoglobin
Each haem in haemoglobin can bind to four 02 molceules
Haemoglobin in man can increaseoxygen carrying capacity by
75 times
Which of the following is a respiratory disorder related to malnutritiin
Tuberclosis
Brwakdown of thin wall of alveoli occur in
Emphysema
Alveoli become large and damage which reduce the suface area for the exchange of respiratory gases cindition called
Emphysema
Which of the following statement is correct about repiratory pigment
Myoglobin has more affinity for oxygen as compared to haemoglobin
Cellulose are dietry fiber
What is your name?
izhaan
