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Mdcat > Biology > Flashcards

Biology Flashcards

1
Q

Volume of bacteriophage is about ___ of host

A

1/1000

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2
Q

It is true for viruses

A

No independent metabolic activities

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3
Q

The genome of inflienza virus is made up of

A

Single stranded RNA

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4
Q

Polio virus is

A

Spherical viruses

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5
Q

TMV are

A

Rod shaped virises

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6
Q

Which of the following is composed of nucleic acid only

A

Viroids

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7
Q

In prion information is carried through

A

Protein

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8
Q

The component reponsible for shape of virus

A

Protein subunit

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9
Q

The genome of most animal virus contains

A

RNA

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10
Q

Which of the followong is not related to enveloped virus

A

They are tolerant to antibodies

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11
Q

The bacteriophage replicates only inside the

A

Bacterial cell

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12
Q

The bacteriophage attaches itself by its tail to the cell wall of bacteriium at

A

Adhering surface

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13
Q

Hepatitus A virus is

A

ssRNA

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14
Q

Virus that attack on spinal cord is

A

Poliovirus

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15
Q

Poliomyelitis affects

A

Motor neuron

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16
Q

Pigs are reservoir for

A

Hepatitus E

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17
Q

Virus that affect gental organs

A

HCV

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18
Q

Which of the following pair of disease is viral

A

Rabies, Measles

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19
Q

Which virus that infects humans has no vector and is unable to suvive outside human body

A

No (polio virus,, mumps virus,, chicken pox)) None of these

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20
Q

It act as template for reverse transcriptase

A

Viral RNA

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21
Q

Common among all virus during infection

A

Translation in cytoplasm

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22
Q

Which one is not an opportunistic disease related to HIV infection

A

Destruction of body immune system

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23
Q

The main target of HIV ib AIDS is

A

HELPER T Lymphocytes

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24
Q

Which of the followong is simplest forms ofpathogens causing disease

A

Prions

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25
Q

The filterable agents were first purified in 1935 when, Stanely was successful in crystallizing the

A

Tobacco mosiac virus

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26
Q

Which virus has no nucleic acid

A

Prions

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27
Q

Which is not viral disease

A

Tetanus

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28
Q

Which of the following is an example of anabolic process

A

Photosynthesis

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29
Q

Mammalian cell contain 1.1 percent

A

RNA

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30
Q

Which property of water play an important role in regulation of heat produced by oxidation

A

Heat of vapourization

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31
Q

Which property of water helps to main the integriry of lipid membranes

A

Hydrophobic exclusion

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32
Q

It doesnot yeild glucose on complete hydrolysis

A

Chitin

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33
Q

Formation of trisaccharide involves release of ______ water molecule

A

2

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34
Q

How many carbon atoms are present inside the ring of furanose

A

4

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35
Q

Which of the following carbons are present outside the ring of fructose

A

1st and 6thcarbon

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36
Q

In disaccaride if carbon atoms are 12 then how many OH groups will be present

A

8

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37
Q

The simpleat monosaccharide containing keto grop

A

Dihydroxyacetone

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38
Q

Which of the following type of carbihydrates has high molecular weight and is sparingly soluble in water

A

Polysacharide

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39
Q

Pure form of cellulose is

A

Cotton

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40
Q

_______is the storage of carbohydrate in animal and humans which is equivalent to the _______in plants

A

Glycogen, starch

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41
Q

How many type of amino acid are present in the cell

A

170

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42
Q

A globular protein consisit of maore than one polypeptide chain has

A

Quaternary structure

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43
Q

A protein having secondary structure posses

A

Hydrogen binding and peptide bond

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44
Q

Muscle hemoglobin posses

A

Tertiary structure

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45
Q

Proteins if hair, hirns, feather and other skin parts are

A

Structural protein

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46
Q

How many peptide bond are present in insuline molecule

A

49

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47
Q

Polypeptide chain bends and folds upon itself to form a globular shape. This is protein’s

A

Tertiary structure

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48
Q

Which molecular structure of enzyme is essential for activity of enzyme

A

Tertiary structure

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49
Q

Sexodary structure if lrotein is fou d in

A

Keratin

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50
Q

Back bone of amino acid comprises of

A

C-C-N

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51
Q

Bonds present in alpha helix are

A

Hydrogen bonds

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52
Q

Which if the following is a protease

A

Renin

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53
Q

It is an amino acid and also a part of phospholipid

A

Serine

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54
Q

Myeline sheath of lipid is conposed of

A

Sphingolipids

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55
Q

How many double bond is present in R-group if oleic acid

A

1

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56
Q

It is unsaturated fatty acid

A

Oleic axid

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57
Q

Which of the following type of RNA is catalytic in Nature

A

Ribozyme

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58
Q

Nucleo histone is present in

A

Chromosomes

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59
Q

How much quantity of lipid is lresent in gram negative bacteria

A

11-12%

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60
Q

Gram positive bacteria have

A

No outer membrane

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61
Q

Nuceoid in bacteria is stained with

A

Feulgen dye

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62
Q

E. Coli closed circle chromosome measures approximately

A

14000um

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63
Q

Which is self replicating organalle in bacteria and not essential for bacterial growth and metabolism

A

Plasmid

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64
Q

Which control growth and metabolic activities of bacteria

A

Nucleoid

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65
Q

A gel like substance present between the plasma membrane amd nuceoid is called

A

Cytoplasmin matrix

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66
Q

Largest number of bacteria may be found in the arrangement called as

A

Streptococci

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67
Q

Syphilis is caused by

A

Spirochete

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68
Q

In which of the following shapes gut living symbiont E. Coli is found

A

Rod

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69
Q

Arrangement of covcus bacteria in chain is called

A

Streptococci

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70
Q

Rod shaped bacteria is called

A

Bacilli

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71
Q

Largest bacteria among the following is

A

Epulopiscium fishelsoni

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72
Q

Primary stain used in gram staining is

A

Crystal violet

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73
Q

Archeobacteria in their structure

A

Peptidoglycan

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74
Q

Glycocalyx is made up of

A

Polysaxxharide

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75
Q

In gram negative bacteria the outer membrane is made up of

A

Lipoprotein

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76
Q

Cell wall of a bacterium doesnot include

A

Plasma membrane

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77
Q

Some bacteria are resistant to phagocytosis due yo the lresence of

A

Slime

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78
Q

It is characteristic true for gram positive bacteria

A

Less lipid than gram gram negative

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79
Q

Respiratory enzyme in bacteria are present in

A

Mesosomes

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80
Q

Dormant thick walled dessication resistant body

A

Cyst

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81
Q

Member of kingdom monera devoid of cell wall

A

Mycoplasma

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82
Q

Bacteria plasma membrane is not involved in

A

Maintenance of cell shape

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83
Q

Which is not true about bacterial spore

A

Produced during differentiation of vegetative cells

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84
Q

Nucleoid is the strucure not found in

A

Goblet cells

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85
Q

If one of the following is missing bacteria cannot increase number of its plasmid copies

A

Origin of replication

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86
Q

When tuft of flagella is present at both the ends in the structire of bacterial cell then the condition is called

A

Amphitrichous

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87
Q

Which if the following is divide by fission

A

Bacteria

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88
Q

A bacteria which has a group of two or more flagella inserted at one pole of the cell

A

Lophotrichous

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89
Q

It is not true about archea

A

Inhibited by antibiotics

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90
Q

A similarity that can be present between flagella of bacteria and an animal cell

A

Motility as function

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91
Q

Chances of _______having a flagella are rare

A

Diplococcus

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92
Q

What is false statement about pili

A

True pili present in gram positive and negative bacteria

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93
Q

Bacteria that can live in intestine and produce vitamin K belongs to

A

Bacillus

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94
Q

Chemotherapeutic are

A

Antibiotics

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95
Q

Antibiotics and hormones can be strilized by using

A

Membrane filtration

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96
Q

Which ia not true about antibiotics

A

Can also be synthesized in laboratory

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97
Q

Treatment by using attenuated culture of bacteria is called

A

Vaccination

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98
Q

Which of the following antibiotics causes permanent discoloration of teeth in young children if it is misused

A

Tetracycline

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99
Q

Bacteria present in canned food is

A

Clostridium botulinium

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100
Q

Which is present in intestine of animals

A

Campylobacter jejuni

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101
Q

_________are used for sterilization process

A

Flask

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102
Q

Which method causes the oxidation of chemical constituents of a bacterial cell

A

Dry heat

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103
Q

Largest specie of bacteria is

A

Spirochaeta plicatilis(250um long)

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104
Q

Location of staphylococcus aureus

A

Nose, skin

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105
Q

Location of viridans streptococci

A

Mouth, nasopharynx

106
Q

Which are examples of chemotherapeutic agents

A

Suphonamide,, tetracycline, penicillin

107
Q

Cyanobactwria unlike other types of bateria that photosythesis, do

A

Give off oxygen

108
Q

Most pathogenic bacteria cause disease by

A

Directly destroying individual cell of hoat

109
Q

Cyanobacteria

A

Have chlorophyll

110
Q

Facultative anaerobes

A

Donot always need oxygen

111
Q

When one or more falgella araises only from one or both ends of a rod or spiral shaped cell the arrangemnt is termed as

A

Polar

112
Q

What is the output of kreb cycle

A

4Co2 , 4ATP, 6NADH, 2FADH2

113
Q

WHAT IS INPUT OF KREB CYCLE

A

2 ACETYL GROUPS, 2 ADP AND 2PI
6NAD, 2FAD

114
Q

Name the mobile carrier of electron in ETC

A

Cyt Q, CYT c

115
Q

Who proposed chemiosmosis theory if ATP production in mitochondria and chloroplast

A

Peter Mitchell in 1978

116
Q

Addition of inorganic molecules to any organic molecule it is called

A

Phosphorylation

117
Q

Net product if substraye level phosphorylation is

A

2ATP

118
Q

How many ATP are produced by chemiosmosis through ETC

A

32ATP

119
Q

In substrate level phisphorylation how many ATP are consumed

A

4ATP

120
Q

Mitochondrial membrane is impermiable for

A

NADH

121
Q

Eukaryote yeild ______ of ATP Than Prokaryotes

A

2 less number of ATP

122
Q

After photosynthsis the fixed carbons leave the chloroplast in the form of

A

Dihydroxyacetone phosphate

123
Q

In Calvin cycle PGAL molecules are converted into glucose within the

A

Chloroplast

124
Q

Which is important link between anabolism and catabolism

A

ATP

125
Q

Cytochrome litteraly mean

A

Cell colour

126
Q

Ubiquinone is

A

Lipid insoluble in water

127
Q

Pyruvate enter mitochondria via

A

Active transport

128
Q

Specteopgotometer is used to measure

A

Absorbtion if O2

129
Q

Which shows effectiveness of wavelength of light driving photosynthesis

A

Narrow spectrum

130
Q

Conversion of light energy into chemical energy is the function of

A

Mitochondria

131
Q

The source of oxygen released during photosynthesis

A

Water

132
Q

Van Neil hypothesis about the production of oxygen during photosynthesis was based on study and investigation on

A

Protonema

133
Q

Air contain________percentage of carbin dioxide

A

0.03-0.04

134
Q

All of the following are difference between Chl a and Chb except

A

Chl a is present in antenna cinplex while Chl b is in reaction center

135
Q

Location of phytol tail of chlorophyll b is

A

Thylakoid membrane

136
Q

It is not a function of carotenoid

A

Convert light energy into chemical energy

137
Q

The final acceptor of electrons during the noncyclic electron pathway is

A

NADP

138
Q

WATER splits during photosynthesis in

A

Interior space of thylakoid

139
Q

For fixing 3 molecule of Co2 what is needed

A

9 ATP AND 6 NADPH2

140
Q

NADH is oxidized during

A

Lactic acid fermentation

141
Q

Amount of energy extracted from glucose molecule during respiration without oxygen

A

2%

142
Q

In cellular respiration product formed as a result of energy

A

ATP

143
Q

Water is released during conversion of

A

2phosphoglycerate ——PEP

144
Q

Which of the following represents dephosphorylation

A

Fructose1;3 bisphosphoglycerate —–3 phosphoglycerare

145
Q

Starting from end products of glycolysis, how amny molecule of Co2 are produced up to yhe fromation of succinate in a single kreb cycle

A

3

146
Q

The precursor of fumarate during Kreb cycle require_______ for fumarate synthesis

A

Succinate dehydrogenase

147
Q

Deamination of aminoacid takes place in

A

Liver

148
Q

An 18 carbon fatty acid is converted into how many acetyl CoA molecule

A

9

149
Q

High concentration of NADH inhibits

A

Pyruvate decarboxylase

150
Q

Phosphofructokinase is inhibited by

A

High concentration of ATP

151
Q

Pancreatic zymogen are only activated when they reached at

A

Small intestine

152
Q

The nodules of lymphoid tissue found in the wall of the intestinal tract are termed as

A

Peyer’s patches

153
Q

Zymogen cells secretes

A

Pepsinogen

154
Q

It is not produced by duodenum

A

Bilivirdin

155
Q

Salivary amylase acts on

A

Starch

156
Q

Trypsinogen is activated yo trypsin by

A

Enterokinase

157
Q

Cell that lower the ph of stomach

A

Parietal

158
Q

Erpsin work on

A

Peptone

159
Q

What is true about pepsin

A

It is produced in inactivated form

160
Q

Secretion of secretin is forced by

A

Food from stomach

161
Q

Botulism is severe form if

A

Food poisoning

162
Q

Which enzyme is found in saliva

A

Ptyalin

163
Q

Its length is 2.4 and comprises 2/5 of small intestine

A

Jejunum

164
Q

Pair of salivary glands located behind jaws is called

A

Submaxillary gland

165
Q

Largest gland in human body

A

Liver

166
Q

Largest part of large intestine

A

Colon

167
Q

What is length of duodenum in cm

A

25-30

168
Q

Which of the following would most greatly increase the activity of an enzyme functioning in the small intestine

A

Increase the amount of enzyme

169
Q

What is the pH of fresh HCL

A

1.5

170
Q

Bacteria live in himan body for enzymatic source and vitamin

A

Enterococcus

171
Q

The semi solid mass in stomach is knowns as

A

Chyme

172
Q

Function irrelevant to oral cavity

A

Absorbtion

173
Q

The deficiency of which of the following cause the immunodeficieny

A

Adenosine deaminase

174
Q

Pathogens inside the human body are killed by

A

Immune system cells

175
Q

Which of the following is not involved in respiration

A

Glucagon

176
Q

The epiglottis a flap of tissues cover the

A

Larynx

177
Q

What is breathing rate in human during exercise

A

30 times per minute

178
Q

A surfactant is a secreatort product that is composed of

A

Protein and lipid

179
Q

In human total xapacity of lungs is about

A

2.5 lit

180
Q

What is human breathing rate during hard physical work

A

30-40 times per minute

181
Q

The smaller tube within chest cavity having cartilagenous plates is knowns as

A

Bronchi

182
Q

What is the length of windpipe

A

12cm

183
Q

The cartilage protect trachea from

A

Collapse

184
Q

The oxygen and carbon dioxide crosses the plasma membrane by the process of

A

Passive diffusion

185
Q

A sufactant plays its role by

A

Decreasing surface tension

186
Q

Amount of oxygen in inspired air is 21% while in expired air is

A

0.16

187
Q

Intercoastal muscles found in

A

Ribs

188
Q

Which is not true about himan lungs

A

They are opened sacs

189
Q

The space inside the chest cavity during inspiration is

A

Increased

190
Q

The covering of lung is termed as

A

Pleural membrane

191
Q

In which of the following type of animal would you expect the digestive tract to be more complex

A

Those with two openings

192
Q

How many sites of digestion are present in the digestive system of man

A

3

193
Q

Cooking of the food and ________ in the mouth significantly improve the digestibility of food stuff by the enzyme

A

Mastication

194
Q

On taking spoon of boiled rice and after partial digestion, which of the following biomolecule cannot be the part of bolus

A

Monosaccharide

195
Q

Main function of NaHCO3 and other salts in buccal cavity is to

A

Stabilize the pH

196
Q

Which is different from others

A

Amylase

197
Q

More gastric juice is produced by gastric glands on the stimulation if a hormone

A

Gastrin

198
Q

The digestive enzyme which is absent in adults

A

Rennin

199
Q

Gastric glands are composed of _______ type of cells

A

3

200
Q

HCL in gastric juice is secreated by which one of the following cells

A

Oxyntic cells

201
Q

Protein components of food are digested by the enzyme secreation of

A

Zymogen cells

202
Q

Digestive system consist of different layers the innermist in known as

A

Mucosa

203
Q

Food enter from stomach into small intestine through

A

Cardiac sphincter

204
Q

Which of the following is produced from both intestinal lining and pancrease

A

Lipase

205
Q

Which of the following do not pass from the small intestine to the large intestine

A

Gastrin and secretin

206
Q

Fats pass into blood via

A

Right lymphatic duct

207
Q

Which of the following is not a component of intestinal juice

A

Ptyalin

208
Q

Which of the following is incorrect regarding to trypsin and pepsin

A

Both act as same site and pH

209
Q

Which one of the following is endocrine pair present in digestive canal

A

Stomach and duodenum

210
Q

The hormone which increase the secreation of pancrease juice is

A

Secretin

211
Q

Release of NaHCO3 and many enzyme recauired for intestinal digestion is related with

A

Pancrease

212
Q

The acidity dietry contents of the stomach on reaching small intestine are neutealized by_______ produce by _________

A

Bicarbinate, pancrease

213
Q

Hepatic and pancreatic secreation are also stimulated by a hormone called

A

Secretin

214
Q

All pancreatic components of food can be digested by

A

Pancreatic juice

215
Q

The large intestine in human

A

Absorb H2O and electrolyte

216
Q

Movement of material across ileum to large intestine is guarded by

A

Ileocical sphincter

217
Q

Mucus secreating goblet cells are present in _________

A

Trachea

218
Q

All of the following are lined with mucus membrane of viliated epithelium except

A

Bronchioles

219
Q

A complex cartilagenous structure surrounding the upper end of the trachea

A

Larynx

220
Q

Trachea lies _____ to the esophagus

A

Ventral

221
Q

Human pharynx is divided into _____ section

A

3

222
Q

The repiratory bronchioles terminate in elongated airways called

A

Alveolar duct

223
Q

Surfactant is present in

A

Alveoli

224
Q

Which of the following is bot the function of sufactant

A

Filtration of blood

225
Q

Which energy is consumed in breathing

A

Chemical

226
Q

Find out incorrect statement

A

Exhaled air is comparatively dried than inhaled air

227
Q

During inspiration fresh air moves in which has high percentage of

A

N2

228
Q

Partial pressure of oxygen is maximum in

A

Inspired air

229
Q

Which if the following plays passive role in breathing

A

Lungs

230
Q

If you hold deep breath for long time CO2 levels are likely to ________and the pH of body fluid is likely to ______

A

Increase, decrease

231
Q

Which of the following correctly describes the binding affinities of gases with haemoglobin?

A

COgreater than CO2 greater than O2

232
Q

O2 pressure in cells or tissue is

A

Less than 60 mmHg

233
Q

All of the following can bind with haemoglobin except

A

HCO3-

234
Q

WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING EXPLAIN INCIRRECTLY THE BINDING OF INORGANIC COMPONENT IN STRUCTURE FOUND UN ERYTHROCYTES

A

Co with organic portion of haem

235
Q

All of the following occur due to presence of CO 2 in blood except

A

Increase respiratory volume

236
Q

During inspiration rhe space inside the chest cavity is increasd due to

A

The contraction if the muscles of the diaphgram

237
Q

Active transpoet is selective and depends upon

A

Respiration

238
Q

The site where most of the water uptake and mineral take place is

A

Root hair

239
Q

The roots bears a dense cluster of tiny hair like structure which are extension of

A

Epidermal cell

240
Q

Transport ofineral from soil to epidermal cells of root via carrier protein molecules along their concentration gradient is called

A

Facilitated diffusion

241
Q

Water potential if pure water is

A

Zero

242
Q

To attain maximum turgidity if cell it mist be placed in

A

Distilled water

243
Q

In a __________ solution solute and pressure potential are equal to water potential

A

Isotonic

244
Q

The pathway adopted by water in plants through adjacent cell wall is

A

Apoplast pathway

245
Q

In root cell _____ pathway become discontinous in the endodermis due to presence of casparian stripes

A

Apoplast

246
Q

Water and minerals move down theri conc gradients theough plasmodeamata to cell of cortex, endodermis, pericycleand then to sap in xylem xells this us also knowns as

A

Symplast pathway

247
Q

Oxygen content of frsh air is about

A

200ml

248
Q

All of the following facilitates the release of O2 from haemoglobin except

A

High pH

249
Q

In reduced form haemoglovin carries

A

Hydrogen ion

250
Q

Carboxyhaemoglobin is formed when Co2 combines with

A

Amino group of haemoglobin

251
Q

Gaseous exchange in animals takes place with the help of process caleed

A

Diffusion

252
Q

Tidal volume of lungs is

A

0.5 lit

253
Q

The residual volume is

A

1.5 lit

254
Q

Inspiratory reserved volume is

A

3000ml

255
Q

Which of the following is false about haemoglobin

A

Each haem in haemoglobin can bind to four 02 molceules

256
Q

Haemoglobin in man can increaseoxygen carrying capacity by

A

75 times

257
Q

Which of the following is a respiratory disorder related to malnutritiin

A

Tuberclosis

258
Q

Brwakdown of thin wall of alveoli occur in

A

Emphysema

259
Q

Alveoli become large and damage which reduce the suface area for the exchange of respiratory gases cindition called

A

Emphysema

260
Q

Which of the following statement is correct about repiratory pigment

A

Myoglobin has more affinity for oxygen as compared to haemoglobin

261
Q

Cellulose are dietry fiber

A
262
Q

What is your name?

A

izhaan

Mdcat (3 decks)

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