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Biology Flashcards

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MCAT flashcards
1
Q

These type of bacteria cannot survive in the presence of oxygen.

A

Obligate anaerobic bacteria

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2
Q

Connective tissue often secretes substances to form the:

A

Extracellular matrix

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3
Q

In organs, connective tissue often forms the support structure for epithelial cells called:

A

the stroma

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4
Q 
Which of the following does NOT describe connective tissue cells?
A. Cartilage
B. Ligaments 
C. Muscles
D. Blood
A

C. Muscles

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5
Q 
Which of the following types of nucleic acid could form the genome of a virus?
					I. Single-stranded RNA
					II. Double-stranded DNA
					III. Single- stranded DNA
A. I only
B. II only 
C. I and II only
D. I, II, and III
A

D. I, II, and III

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6
Q

Which of the following activities occurs in the Golgi apparatus?
A. Synthesis of proteins
B. Modification and distribution of proteins
C. Breakdown of lipids and carbohydrates
D. Production of ATP

A

B. Modification and distribution of proteins

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7
Q 
Mitochondria DNA is:
					I. Circular 
					II. Self-replicating 
					III. Single-stranded
A. I only
B. II only
C. I and II only
D. I, II, and III only
A

C. I and II only

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8
Q 
Which of the following is NOT a function of the endoplasmic reticulum?
A. Lipid synthesis
B. Poison detoxification 
C. Protein synthesis 
D. Transport of proteins
A

C. Protein synthesis

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9
Q

What is the main function of the nucleolus?

A

Ribosomal RNA synthesis

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10
Q 
Which of the following organelles is surrounded by a single membrane?
A. Lysosomes
B. Mitochondria
C. Nuclei
D. Ribosomes
A

A. Lysosomes

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11
Q

Which of the following is NOT a difference between a prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell?
A. Ribosomal subunit weight
B. Presence of a nucleus
C. Presence of a membrane on the outside surface of the cell
D. Presence of membrane-bound organelles

A

C. Presence of a membrane on the outside surface of the cell

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12
Q 
Which of the following does NOT contain tubulin?
A. Cilia
B. Flagella
C. Microfilaments
D. Centrioles
A

C. Microfilaments

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13
Q

When a virus remains dormant in the nervous system, the virus is in which cycle?

A

Lysogenic cycle

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14
Q

During an outbreak, a virus is in what cycle?

A

Lytic cycle

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15
Q

Which mechanism(s) can account for a bacterium’s ability to increase its genetic variability and thus adapt itself to resist different antibiotics?
I. Binary fission
II. Conjugation
III. Transduction

A. I and II only
B. I and III only
C. II and III only
D. I, II, and III

A

C. II and III only

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16
Q 
A bacterial cell is noted to be resistant to penicillin. The bacterium is transferred to a colony that lacks the fertility factor, and the rest of the colony does not become resistant to penicillin. Which of the following methods of bacterial recombination is NOT likely to account for this change? 
A. Conjugation
B. Transformation
C. Transduction 
D. Infection with a bacteriophage
A

A. Conjugation

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17
Q 
In Alzheimer’s disease, a protein called the amyloid precursor protein (APP) is cleaved for form a protein called β-amyloid. This protein has a β-pleated sheet structure and precipitates to form plaques in the brain. This mechanism of disease is most similar to which of the following pathogens?
A. Bacteria
B. Viruses
C. Prions
D. Viroids
A

C. Prions

18
Q

What type of viruses require transport to the nucleus and the use of nuclear RNA polymerase in order to produce viral proteins?

A

DNA viruses

19
Q

What is the correct sequence of the development of a mature sperm cell?

A

Spermatogonium —> primary spermatocyte —> secondary spermatocyte —> spermatid —> spermatozoan

20
Q 
Which of the following correctly pairs the stage of development of an egg cell with the relevant point in a woman’s life cycle?
A. From birth to menarche (prophase II)
B. At ovulation (metaphase I)
C. At ovulation (metaphase II)
D. At fertilization (prophase II)
A

C. At ovulation (metaphase II)

21
Q

At which stage of mitotic division does the spindle apparatus initially attach to the kinetochore fibers?

A

Prophase

22
Q 
What is the latest stage of cellular development during which a radio labeled deoxyadenine could be added into the genome of one of two daughter cells?
A. G1
B. G2
C. M
D. S
A

D. S

23
Q 
Certain ovarian tumors called granulosa cell tumors are known to produce excess levels of oxygen. A physician who diagnoses a granulosa cell tumor should look for a secondary cancer in which of the following parts of the reproductive tract?
A. Fallopian tube
B. Cervix
C. Endometrium 
D. Vagina
A

C. Endometrium

24
Q

Upon ovulation, the oocyte is released into the:

A

Abdominal cavity

25
Q 
At which point in the cell cycle could chemotherapy effectively prevent cancer cell division?
		I. S stage
		II. Prophase
		III. Metaphase 
A. I only
B. I and II only
C. II and III only
D. I, II, and III
A

D. I, II, and III

26
Q

The tube connecting the epididymis to the ejaculatory duct is called the:

A

Vas deferens

27
Q

These vesicles produce alkaline fructose-containing secretions.

A

Seminal vesicles

28
Q

The site of sperm maturation.

A

Epididymis

29
Q

These glands produce a fluid to clear traces of urine in the urethra.

A

Cowper’s glands

30
Q 
What is the last point in the meiotic cycle in which the cell has a diploid number of chromosomes?
A. Interphase
B. Telophase I
C. Interkinesis
D. Telophase II
A

B. Telophase I

31
Q

Which of the following does NOT likely contribute to genetic variability?
A. Random fertilization of an egg by a sperm
B. Random segregation of homologous chromosomes
C. Crossing over between homologous chromosomes during meiosis
D. Replication of the DNA during S stage

A

D. Replication of the DNA during S stage

32
Q

During metaphase of _______, centromeres are present directly on the metaphase plate.

A

mitosis

33
Q

During _______ of meiosis, homologous chromosomes separate.

A

Anaphase

34
Q

In this stage, the chromosomes separate and move to opposite poles of the cell.

A

Anaphase

35
Q

In this stage, the spindle apparatus disappears and the chromosomes uncoil.

A

Telophase

36
Q

In this stage, the nucleoli disappears.

A

Prophase

37
Q 
An individual who is phenotypically female is found to have only one copy of a disease-carrying recessive allele on the X chromosome, yet she demonstrates all of the classic symptoms of the disease. Geneticists determine she has a genotype that likely arose from nondisjunction. What is the likely genotype of this individual?
A. 46, XX
B. 46, XY
C. 45, X
D. 47, XXY
A

C. 45, X

38
Q

During which phase of the menstrual cycle does progesterone concentration peak?

A

Luteal phase

39
Q

Which of the following would NOT be seeing during pregnancy?
A. High levels of hCG in the first trimester
B. High levels of progesterone throughout the pregnancy
C. Low levels of FSH in the first trimester
D. High levels of GnRH throughout the pregnancy

A

D. High levels of GnRH throughout the pregnancy

40
Q

The spindle apparatus aligns the chromosomes at the equatorial plate during:

A

Metaphase

MCAT (2 decks)

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