Biology 117 pt 3

Question 1

how does DNA get replicated?

Answer 1

helicase unzips, leading strand replicates continuously, okazaki fragments from lagging strand are connected by DNA polymerase

Question 2

central dogma

Answer 2

DNA makes RNA, and RNA makes protein

Question 3

what is cell division used for?

Answer 3

growth and the maintenance and repair of cells and tissue

Question 4

mitosis

Answer 4

the process in which a eukaryotic cell nucleus splits in two, followed by division of the parent cell into two daughter cells

Question 5

meiosis

Answer 5

a type of cell division that reduces the number of chromosomes in the parent cell by half and produces four gamete cells

Question 6

what is the difference between mitosis and meiosis?

Answer 6

Mitosis produces two diploid (2n) somatic cells that are identical to each other
Meiosis produces four haploid (n) gametes that are unique from each other

Question 7

how is cell division different in eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?

Answer 7

the prokaryotic cell division occurs through binary fission

eukaryotic cell division occurs either through mitosis or meiosis

Question 8

what is meiosis used for?

Answer 8

to produce egg and sperm cells for sexual reproduction

Question 9

what is crossing over?

Answer 9

Crossing over is essential for the normal segregation of chromosomes during meiosis it occurs in metaphase when all the chromosomes are aligned in the middle of the cell