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MDCAT > BIOLOGY > Flashcards

BIOLOGY Flashcards

1
Q

Endoplasmic reticulum in rapidly dividing cell

A

poorly developed

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2
Q

murein peptidoglycan mucopeptide

A

derivative of sugar

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3
Q

nucleoid in bacteria separate by

A

not mitosis

binary fission

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4
Q

beta-oxidation of fatty acids

A

in mitochondria

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5
Q

glutamic acid

A

amino acid

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6
Q

no -OH group

A

Ring glucose 5C
ribose 4C
Straight glucose 1C

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7
Q

cyanide

A

inhibits cytochrome oxidase

blocks cellular respiration

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8
Q

PROTOPLASMIC RESPIRATION

A

Protein is used in respiration surface

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9
Q

salivary amylase or ptylain

A

pH 6.8 slightly acidic

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10
Q

branching in carbohydrates

A

1- glycogen

2- amylopectin (starch)

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11
Q

KREB CYCLE

citric acid tricarboxylic acid

A 
CO2 production   1=2CO2   2=4CO2
ATP production   1=1ATP   2=2ATP
NADH production   1=3NADH   2=6NADH
FADH2 production   1=FADH2   2=FADH2
O2 production   ZERO
H2O   T=5H2O   ADD=4H2O   FORM=1H2O (for 1 KB)
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12
Q

CALVIN CYCLE

c-3

A

PRODUCE (1triose 3H2O when we add NADPH)

UTILIZE (3CO2 9ATP 6NADPH)

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13
Q

H2O FORMED GLUCOSE FORMATION IN CALVIN CYCLE

A

0

G3P+G3P=GLUCOSE

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14
Q

CARBOXY PEPTIDASE

A

Pancreases

removes -COOH group from terminal amino acid in polypeptide chain

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15
Q

Trachea C-shaped cartilage present

A

HYALINE CARTILAGE

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16
Q

WBCs movement

A

amoeboid movement

locomotion by adhering cell

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17
Q

fibrinogen converted into fibrin by

A

thrombin

prothrombin into thrombin by thrombokinase

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18
Q

blood serum

A

no clotting factors

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19
Q

dengue fever

A

platelets count significantly↓

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20
Q

Transportation PHOLOEM and XYLEM

A

osmosis
diffusion
mass flow

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21
Q

blood clot

A

physical barrier

structural obstacle

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22
Q

pathogens stomach reach

A

destroy by HCl

not Na2CO3

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23
Q

PQRST wave

A

1- Atrial systole depolarization P-wave
2- Ventricular systole depolarization QRS-wave
3- Atrioventicular diastole repolarization T-wave

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24
Q

medusa

cnidarians

A

have gonads

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25
Q

hydra

A

carnivorous animal
nematocytes
no alternation of generation

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26
Q

NERVOUS SYSTEM

A

diffused NS coelontrates

CNS Platyhelminthes

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27
Q

enterobius vermicularis

A 
cosmopolitan worm
pin worm
Europe and America
caecum colon appendix
intense itching in anus
inflammation of mucous membrane of colon and appendix
insomnia
loss of appetite
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28
Q

ancyclostoma duodenale

A 
hook worm
small intestine 
hold villi
sucks blood and body fluids
release anti-coagulant bleeding not stop no blood clot
anemia
retardness of physical and mental growth
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29
Q

trochophore larvae

A

annelids
not in earthworm
present in neries leech chaetopterus

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30
Q

sea anemone

A

cnidarian

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31
Q

Porifera or sponges

A 
neither diploblastic nor triploblastic
lack symmetry
no tissue 
no organ
no definite shape 
multicellular
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32
Q

pseudocoelom

A

mesoderm present in scattered pouches

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33
Q

gorgonia

A

cnidarian

first to develop diploblastic level of organisation

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34
Q

endoderm

A

outer layer surround parietal mesoderm

inner layer visceral mesoderm

35
Q

metamerically segmented

A

annelids

36
Q

nerve impulse before transmission to brain

A

first transduced then conduct

modulate (adjust)

37
Q

dendron present in

A

sensory neurons only

38
Q

motor neuron includes

A

blood vessels
connective tissue
axon
dentrites

39
Q

reflex action

A

shivering in cold
salivation of choicest food
closure of eyelids i flashlight

40
Q

swallowing of food

A

voluntary then involuntary acion

not a reflex action

41
Q

EPSP

A

excitatory post synaptic potential

42
Q

stimulation of oxytocin

A

contraction of uterus
parturition
suckling
low-level of progesterone

43
Q

blood clotting

A

ca++ ions in blood↑ parathormone↑

platelets

44
Q

diencephalon

middle of brain

A

epithalamus
thalamus
hypothalamus→ pituitary gland
subthalamus

45
Q

kreb cycle

A

CO2 steps 3

H2O steps 4

46
Q

grave disease cause

A

abnormal protein

auto-immune disorder

47
Q

in males, urinary bladder

A

base→ seminal vesicle
below→ prostate gland
even lower→ cowper’s gland

48
Q

supra-scapula present in

A

birds

not in hummans

49
Q

penetration of sperm into ovum

A

acrosome

50
Q

follicular atresia

A

degeneration of PRIMARY FOLLICLE

51
Q

kreb cycle steps

A 
citrate
aconite
isocitrate
oxalo-succinate
alpha ketoglutarate
succinate
succinyl coA
fumarate
malate
oxaloacetate
52
Q

muscles mineral abundant

A

calcium

53
Q

Ribs

A

True ribs are attached directly to the coastal arch cartilage hyaline just like in trachea 7
False ribs are indirectly attached to sternum instead only attached to coastal arch 3
Floating, fluctuating, vertebral ribs are not attached to sternum nor coastal arch 2

54
Q

Interferons are made up of

A

Glycoprotein

55
Q

Bacteria has no chromosone

A

Only chromatin

56
Q

Glycolysis occur in

A

Cytosol

57
Q

Vibrio cholerae

A

Monotrichous

58
Q

HIV genome RNA reverse transcription and intrgration

A

Degraded

59
Q

Deuterostomes

A

Radial cleavage

Blastopore becoming anus

60
Q

Hermaphrodite

A

Earthworm pheretima
Leech
Tapeworm
Hydra

61
Q

Reproduction in animals

A 
Porifera budding(in+out), gemmules(in), hermaphrodite
Coelenterons(hydra)  budding, obelia
62
Q

Chordata skeleton
Urochordata
Tunicates

A

Tunicin covering enclosed

Exoskleleton

63
Q

Salamender
Toad
Newts

A

Amphibians

64
Q

Law of purity gametes

A

Mendel formulate on the basis of monohybrid cross and law of segregation

65
Q

Heterozygous round. X. Homozygous wrinkled

A

50%round : 50%wrinkled

66
Q

Idea of survival of fittest was originally introduced by

A

Spencer

67
Q

Tetrapyrrole

A

Cytochrome
Phytochrome
Chlorophyll

68
Q

The most sweetest

A

Frucose

Not glucose

69
Q

Permease

A

Facilitate the trasport through cell membrane

70
Q

Mituation in rabbits is controlled by

A

Stretch receptors control

71
Q

Gustatory taste

Deglutition swallowing

A
72
Q

Photorespiration by

A

Chloroplast
Mitochondria
Peroxisomes

73
Q

Cell wall of cirk cells waxy substance present

A

Suberin

74
Q

Plastids not necessary

A

Mitochondria
Cytoskeleton
Plasma membrane
Necessary

75
Q

Plastids not necessary

A 
Mitochondria
Nucleus
Cytoskeleton
Plasma membrane
Necssary
76
Q

Adaptative radiation

A

Darwin finches

Not connecting link connective link of two organism(mammals and reptiles) platypus

77
Q

Vestigial organs

A 
Third molar
coccyx
Segemental layer of abdomen
Sinuses
Tonsils
78
Q

Steroid hormone derivative of

A

Cholesterol

79
Q

Alleles of a gene arise

A

Mutation
New alleles
ABO blood group

80
Q

Classes of immunoglobins antibodies

A

IgG is the main antibody in blood and the only one that can pass through the placenta.
IgM has a role in the initial immune system defense for protecting the body and also present in blood.
IgA present in secretions such as bowel fluid, nasal discharge77777, saliva, breast milk.
IgD prevents respiratory infectionns.
IgE prevents parasites and allergines

81
Q

Microbisidal instantly kills bacteria

Micribistatic inhibits the growth or reproduction of bacteria

A
82
Q

CO2 inside
Cl- influx H+ attract
HCO3 outflux attraction to Na+

A

CO2 efflux
Cl- efflux
HCO3 influx

83
Q

morula
blastula
gastrula

A

MDCAT (4 decks)

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