Biology

Question 1

What is a living tissue made from?

Answer 1

A living tissue is made from a group of cells with a similar structure and function, which all work together to do a particular job.

Question 2

What are some examples of living tissues?

Answer 2

Muscle, the lining of the intestine, the lining of the lungs, phloem, root hair tissue.
Phloem is tubes that carry dissolved sugar around a plant. Root hair tissue is for plants to take up water and minerals from the soil.

Question 3

What is an organ made from?

Answer 3

An organ is made from a group of different tissues, which all work together to do a particular job.

Question 4

What are some examples of organs?

Answer 4

Heart, lung, stomach, brain, leaf, root

Question 5

What is an organ system made from?

Answer 5

An organ system is made from a group of different organs, which all work together to do a particular job.

Question 6

What are some examples of organ systems?

Answer 6

Circulatory system, respiratory system, digestive system, nervous system, reproductive system, leaf canopy.

Question 7

How many bones is our skeleton made up of?

Answer 7

An adult skeleton is made of 206 bones. A baby skeleton is made up of 300 bones. Calcium and other minerals make the bone strong but slightly flexible. Bone is a living tissue with a blood supply. It is constantly being dissolved and formed, and it can repair itself if a bone is broken.

Question 8

What are the four main functions of the skeleton?

Answer 8

• to support the body
• to protect some of the vital organs of the body
• to help the body move
• to make blood cells

Question 9

Does the skeleton support the body? Why or why not?

Answer 9

The skeleton supports the body. For example, without a backbone, we would not be able to stay upright.

Question 10

What are three examples of what the skeleton protects

Answer 10

• the skull protects the brain
• the ribcage protects the heart and lungs
• the backbone protects the spinal cord

Question 11

Movement with bones (look at this)

Answer 11

Some bones in the skeleton are joined rigidly together and cannot move against each other. Bones in the skull are joined like this. Other bones are joined to each other by flexible joints. Muscles are needed to move bones attached by joints.

Question 12

What are the two types of blood cells?

Answer 12

• red blood cells, which carry oxygen around the body in the blood
• white blood cells, which are involved in destroying harmful microorganisms in your body

These cells are made in the bone marrow. This is soft tissue inside our larger bones which is protected by the hard part of the bone which surrounds it.

Question 13

What are bones linked together by?

Answer 13

Bones are linked together by joints. Most joints allow different parts of the skeleton to move. The human skeleton has joints called synovial joints.

Question 14

What will happen if two bones move against each other? How could you stop this from happening?

Answer 14

If two bones just moved against each other, they would eventually wear away. This can happen in people who have a condition called arthritis. To stop this from happening, the ends of the bones in a joint are covered with a tough, smooth substance called cartilage. This is kept slippery by a liquid called synovial fluid. Tough ligaments join the two bones in the joint and stop the joint from falling apart.

Question 15

What are the two types of synovial joints?

Answer 15

Hinge joints and ball and socket joints.

Movement allowed:

Knee, elbow The same as opening and closing a door, with no rotation (turning)
Ball and socket Hip, shoulder Back and forth in all directions, and rotation
The bones cannot move on their own - they need muscles for this to happen.

Question 16

What is the movement allowed from a hinge joint?

Answer 16

Knee, elbow. The same as opening and closing a door, with no rotation (turning). This bone cannot move on its own. It needs muscles for this to happen.

Question 17

What is the movement allowed from a ball and socket joint?

Answer 17

Hip, shoulder. Back and forth in all directions, and rotation. This bone cannot move on its own. It needs muscles for this to happen.

Question 18

What is a joint and what is a typical synovial joint?

Answer 18

A joint is where two or more bones meet. The hip is a typical synovial joint.

Question 19

What are the same components that all synovial joints have?

Answer 19

• Cartilage reduces friction. Acts as a shock absorber.
• Synovial fluid lubricates the joint.
• Synovial membrane produces synovial fluid.
• Tendon joins muscle to bone enabling movement.
• Ligament joins bone to bone, stabilizing the joint.

Question 20

How do muscles work?

Answer 20

Muscles work by getting shorter. We say that they contract, and the process is called contraction. Muscles are attached to bones by strong tendons. When a muscle contracts, it pulls on the bone, and the bone can move if it is part of a joint. Muscles have their own supply of blood.

Question 21

Create a title for this. Maybe break this in two.

Answer 21

Muscles can only pull and cannot push. This would be a problem if a joint were controlled by just one muscle. As soon as the muscle had contracted and pulled on a bone, that would be it, with no way to move the bone back again. This problem is solved by having muscles in pairs, called antagonistic muscles.

For example, your elbow joint has two muscles that move your forearm up or down. These are the biceps on the front of the upper arm and the triceps on the back of the upper arm:

• to raise the forearm, the biceps contract and the triceps relaxes
• to lower the forearm again, the triceps contract and the biceps relaxes

Another example of a pair of antagonistic muscles is found in your legs. Here your quadriceps and hamstrings work together