biology Flashcards
what are the layers of the skin?
epidermis, dermis, hypodermis
what is the epidermis?
the upper or outer layer of the skin
what is the dermis?
the thick layer of living tissue which contains blood capillaries, nerve endings, sweat glands, hair follicles
what is the hypodermis?
the subcutaneous layer of loose connective tissue
what are the layers of the epidermis?
horny layer ( stratum corneum ) clear layer ( stratum lucidium ) granular layer ( stratum granulosum ) prickle cell layer ( stratum spinosum ) basal layer ( stratum basale )
what is collagen?
protein fibers that add strength and support to the dermis
what is the subcutaneous layer?
made up of fat cells for protection
what is elastin?
elastic protein fibres that allow the skin to stretch
what are sweat glands?
extretes watery substances
what are sensory nerve endings?
sense the senses
what is the sebaceous gland?
attached to hair follicles creating sebum
what is the arrector pili muscle?
reacts to cold and heat
what are blood vessles?
provide nutrients to the skin and regulate body temperature
what is the dermal papilla?
contains nerve endings and blood capillaries to help nourish the hair
what are two functions of nerve endings?
dectects stimuli to sense pain so the body is protected.
sense pressure for awareness of surroundings
what are the labels of the hair?
hair shaft, pore, arrector pili muscle, blood vessels, sebaceous gland, sensory nerve endings, dermal papilla, sweat gland
what does shapesv stand for
sensations, heat regulation, absorption, protection, elimination, secretion, vitamin d
the hair structure:
hair cuticle, cortex, medulla
what is another phrase for fragilitas crinium?
split ends
what is another phrase for trichorrhexis nodosa?
damaged hair
what is seborrhoea?
accumulation of scales of greasy skin
what is psoriasis?
red, bumpy patches covered with silvery scales
what is psoriasis?
red, bumpy patches covered with silvery scales
what is keloids?
a raised scar
what is monilethrix?
a beaded hair disorder
what is pityriasis capitis?
dandruff
what are three bacterial infections?
impetigo, carbuncles, folliculitis
what are three infectations?
head lice, body lice, scabies
what are three fungal infections?
ringworm of the scalp, ringworm of the feet, ringworm of the nails
what are two viral infections?
herpes, warts
what are different hair tests?
hair pull test, elasticity, porosity, density
what is the structure of the nail?
free edge, hyponichium, nail plate, lunula, eponychuim ( cuticle ), nail wall, nail groove, nail bed, matrix, nerve endings
what are examples of internal defence?
whiteblood cells, antibodies
define pathogen.
a disease causes by micro-organisms
what are examples of external defence?
gloves, bandages, goggles
what is the hair shaft?
visible part of the hair
what is the hair follicle?
anchors each hair into the skin
what is the inner and outer root sheath?
surrounds and protects the growing hair
