Biology

Question 1

Name five nutrients.

Why are these needed?

Answer 1

• Carbohydrate - for energy
• Protein - for growth and repair
• Vitamins - for health
• Minerals - for health
• fats and oils ( lipids ) - for insulation

Question 2

Why do different people need higher or lower amounts of energy from their food?

Answer 2

• Levels of activity
• Age
• Gender

Question 3

What do we measure energy in?

Answer 3

Joules or Kilojoules

Question 4

What role does the mouth have in the digestion system?

Answer 4

Putting food in the mouth is called ingestion. The teeth grind up the food and mix it with a digestive juice called saliva. Saliva contains enzymes.

Question 5

What does the oesophagus do?

Answer 5

The muscles abovethe swallowed food get smaller (contract) pushing the food down.

Question 6

What does the stomach do?

Answer 6

In the stomach, strong acid is added to the food and more digestive juices are added to break down proteins.

Question 7

What does the small intestine do?

Answer 7

In the small intesine, more digestive juices are added. Digestion of carbohydrates, proteins and fats occurs. The digested, soluble molecules are absorbed and enter the blood.

Question 8

What does the large intestine do?

Answer 8

The large intestine removes water from the food that cannot be digested.

Question 9

What do the rectum do?

Answer 9

The rectum stores food which cannot be digested - faeces.

Question 10

What does the anus do?

Answer 10

Faeces are pushed out here, this is called egestion or elimination.

Question 11

What do enzymes do in digestion?

Answer 11

The enzymes break down large insoluble substances, creating small soluble ones. This process speeds up digestion, because the enzymes contain catalysts.

Question 12

Name two features of the small intestine and what this does.

Answer 12

It is folded and covered with villi, this increases the surface area.

Question 13

How does diffusion happen in the small intestine?

Answer 13

The wall of the small intestine is only one-cell thick, meaning it is easy for small soluble molecules to diffuse out of the small intestine into the blood. They are then carried in the blood plasma.

Question 14

Name the male parts of a flower and what the group is called.

Answer 14

Anther

Filament

These are calledthe stamen.

Question 15

Name the female parts of a flower and what the group is called.

Answer 15

Stigma

Style

Ovary

Ovule

This is called the carpel.

Question 16

How does insect pollenation occur?

Answer 16

Anthers produce large rough pollen grains that stick to an insect’s body. An insect brushes against an anther or stigma to collect nectar and the pollen grains stick the insect. It is then carried on the insect, which then goes to another plant. The stigma is sticky, to collect pollen from the insect.

Question 17

How does wind pollenation occur?

Answer 17

The anthers make small pollen grains that float in the wind and the athers and stigmas hang outside the flower to catch th wind. The wind carries the pollen to another plant which catches the pollen with the stigma and goes into the ovary.

Question 18

A part of the flower forms a fruit. This is uesed for seed dispersal. Name examples of seed dispersal.

Answer 18

• Some fruits are eaten by animals and they poop the seed out
• Some fruits are carried on the fur of animals
• Some fruits are carried by the wind
• Some fruits explode, scattering the seeds

Question 19

When conditions are right, seeds germinate. What resources do they need to germinate.

Answer 19

Water

Oxygen

Warmth

WOW

Question 20

How do plants make food from photosynthesis?

Answer 20

The water from the roots reacts with sunlight and carbon dioxide to make glucose - photosynthesis.

Question 21

How does asexual reproduction happen in plants?

Answer 21

Asexual reproduction happens when one parent plant is able to produce offspring (e.g. by using runners in strawberries or tubers in potatoes)

Question 22

What is the word equation for aerobic respiration?

Answer 22

Glucose + oxygen —> carbon dioxide + water

Question 23

What is the word equation for anaerobic respiration?

Answer 23

Question 24

Why do the heart rate and breathing rate increase during exercise?

Answer 24

They increase because after exercise the body needs more oxygen. Excess post-exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC) replaces oxygen that is lost to provide energy for faster breathing and heart rate.

Question 25

Explain how gas exchange occurs in the lungs.

Answer 25

Each air sac on the lungs contains many alveoli which give the lungs a huge surface area. This means diffusion happens quickly.

Question 26

How are the lungs adapted to allow as much gas exchange as possible?

Answer 26

Each air sac contains many alveoli which give the lungs a huge surface area, allowing diffusion to happen quickly.

Capillaries have walls that are only one-cell thick, to also speed up diffusion.

Question 27

Explain what happens when we inhale.

Answer 27

• Diaphram contracts and moves downwards
• Rib muscles contract and lift ribs up and outwards
• Volume of chest increases
• Lungs expand
• Pressure in lungs is reduced
• Pressure outside is now higher than inside the lungs, so air flows into the lungs

Question 28

Explain what happens when we exhale.

Answer 28

• Diaphram relaxes and moves upwards
• Rib muscles relax and move ribs down and inwards
• Volume of chest decreases
• Lungs get smaller
• Pressure in lungs is increased
• Pressure inside is now higher than outside the lungs, so air flows out of the lungs

Question 29

Give three reasons why smoking is bad for your lungs and how it affects them.

Answer 29

1. Nicotine - Makes arteries narrower, causes heart disease
2. Tar - cancer, coats lungs reducing surface area, alveoli break apart
3. Carbon monoxide - stops red blood cells carrying so much oxygen

Question 30

Name the cell parts of each of the five kingdoms.

Answer 30

Question 31

How does yeast reproduce?

Answer 31

It reproduces asexually by budding.

Question 32

How does yeast use aerobic respiration in baking?

Answer 32

The carbon dioxide produced makes bread rise.

Question 33

How does yeast use anearobic repiration for fermentation?

Answer 33

Yeast uses anaerobic respiration;

glucose —> carbon dioxide + ethanol

Ethanol is alcohol so is needed fore alcoholic drink manufacture.

Question 34

How does bacteria respire anaerobically to make yoghurt and cheese?

Answer 34

They use a type of anaerobic repiration to ferment milk:

glucos —> lactic acid

Question 35

How do protoctists use photosynthesis to become a producer in a food chain?

Answer 35

Some protoctists photosynthesise:
Carbon dioxide + water —> oxygen + glucose

Therefore they become the producers in a food chain.

Question 36

What do unicellular organisms need to grow well?

Answer 36

1. Warmth
2. Food
3. Moisture

Some need oxygen and/or light.

Question 37

How do unicellular organisms decompose and play an important part in the carbon cycle?

Answer 37

Question 38

I don’t know how to delete this card

Answer 38

:)