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Biology Part 3 > Biology > Flashcards

Biology Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Porifera

A

Sponges

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2
Q

Cnidaria

A

Jellyfish and Sea Anemones

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3
Q

Platyhelminthes

A

Flatworms

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4
Q

Nematoda

A

Roundworms

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5
Q

Annelida

A

Segmented Worms

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6
Q

Arthropoda

A

Insects, lobsters, spiders

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7
Q

Mollusca

A

Clams, snails, and squids

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8
Q

Echinodermata

A

Sea stars and sea urchins

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9
Q

Chordata

A

Fish, birds, reptiles, mammals

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10
Q

Cleavage

A

When a single cell is converted to a multicellular zygote

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11
Q

Blastula

A

A hollow ball of cells

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12
Q

Gastrulation

A

Occurs when cells move inside the blastula and form multiple layers of cells called germ layers

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13
Q

Endoderm

A

Inside layer

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14
Q

Ectoderm

A

Outside layer

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15
Q

Mesoderm

A

Middle layer

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16
Q

Animals with 1 germ layer

A

Asymmetrical

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17
Q

Animals with 2 germ layers

A

Radial symmetry

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18
Q

Animals with 3 germ layers

A

Bilateral symmetry

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19
Q

Mesenchyme

A

A jelly-like substance in sponges

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20
Q

Collar cells

A

Line the inside of the sponge’s hollow sac-like body. They appear to have a collar with flagella.

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21
Q

Amebocytes

A

Specialized cells in sponges. Digest food. Bring oxygen to sponge. Produce lime or silica to make spicules.

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22
Q

Three classes of flatworms

A

Flukes (parasitic). Tapeworms (parasitic). Planarians (free-living)

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23
Q

Ganglion

A

Mass of nerve cells that functions like a simple brain in the anterior

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24
Q

Eyespots

A

Planarians have 2 of these which help them to sense light

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25
Q

Scolex

A

A small knoblike head with hooks and suckers that allows tapeworms to attach to the intestinal wall of their host

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26
Q

Peristalasis

A

Muscles surrounding the roundworm’s digestive system squeeze the food and push it thru until the waste is excreted out the anus

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27
Q

Clitellum

A

A barrel-shaped swelling around an earthworm’s body that assists in reproduction

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28
Q

Nephridia

A

Coiled tubes in earthworms that are open at both ends and function as tiny kidneys

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29
Q

Cnidarians’ Symmetry

A

Radial

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30
Q

Mesoglea

A

The jelly-like middle layer in a cnidarian

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31
Q

Cnidocytes

A

Stinging cells on tentacles of a cnidarian

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32
Q

Nematocysts

A

Coiled tubes containing an attached barb that discharges a toxin when launched

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33
Q

Class Scyphozoa

A

Jellyfish

34
Q

Class Anthozoa

A

Sea Anemone and Coral

35
Q

Class Hydrozoa

A

Hydra, Hydroid Colonies, and Portuguese Man-of-War

36
Q

Echinoderms’ Symmetry

A

Bilateral symmetry during larval stage. Pentaradial symmetry when mature

37
Q

Sieve Plate

A

Filters sea water before it enters the system

38
Q

Ring Canal

A

Where water enters, surrounding the mouth

39
Q

Radial Canals

A

Extend from central part of the echinoderm’s body down each ray

40
Q

Lateral Canals

A

Branch perpendicularly off the radial canals and terminate at tube feet

41
Q

Tube Feet

A

Used for breathing and movement

42
Q

Ampulla

A

Muscle structures on the internal side of tube feet

43
Q

Class Asteroidea

A

Sea Stars. Have two stomachs

44
Q

Class Ophiuroidea

A

Brittle Stars

45
Q

Class Echinoidea

A

Sea urchins and sand dollars

46
Q

Class Holothuroidea

A

Sea Cucumbers. Leathery skin. Adults exhibit radial symmetry.

47
Q

Mollusks’ Symmetry

A

Bilateral

48
Q

Visceral Mass

A

The mass in a mollusk that contains the vital organs

49
Q

Mantle

A

Skin-like organ covering the visceral mass

50
Q

Class Bivalvia

A

Clams, oysters, mussels, scallops, and geoducks

51
Q

Umbo

A

The small bulge on the two shells near the hinge (on a mollusk)

52
Q

Suspension Feeders

A

Filtering water and feeding on food suspended in water

53
Q

Class Gastropoda

A

Slugs, conchs, abalones, nudibranchs, whelks, dowries, murexes, and snails

54
Q

Radula

A

Rough, tongue-like organ used to scrape food into their mouth and carry it to the digestive tract

55
Q

Class Cephalopoda

A

Nautilus, cuttlefish, squid, and octopus

56
Q

Arthropods’ Symmetry

A

Bilateral

57
Q

Class Insecta

A

Insects

58
Q

Labrum and Labrium

A

Form the upper and lower lips (insects)

59
Q

Mandibles

A

Used to crush and tear food apart

60
Q

Maxillae

A

Used to chew food

61
Q

Three segments on the thorax

A

Prothorax, mesothorax, metathorax. Six legs. A pair of legs on each segment (insects). Four wings: a pair on the mesothorax and a pair on the metathorax

62
Q

Spiracles

A

Small pores on each segment allowing air to enter the body (insects)

63
Q

Aedeagus

A

Organ that allows male to secrete sperm

64
Q

Subphylum Chelicerates

A

Spiders, horseshoe crabs, ticks, scorpions

65
Q

Class Merostomata

A

Horseshoe crabs

66
Q

Class Arachnid

A

Spiders, ticks, mites, and scorpions

67
Q

Subphylum Myriapoda

A

Centipedes and millipedes

68
Q

Class Chilopoda

A

Centipedes

69
Q

Class Diplopoda

A

Millipedes

70
Q

Subphylum Crustaceans

A

Barnacles, Crabs, Lobsters, Crayfish, Shrimp, Woodlice, and Beachfleas

71
Q

Notochord

A

Rod-shaped structure that provides skeletal support

72
Q

Subphylum Urochordata

A

Tunicates (sea squirts)

73
Q

Subphylum Cephalochordata

A

Lancelets

74
Q

Class Agnatha

A

Jawless fish: hagfish and lampreys

75
Q

Class Chondrichthyes

A

Cartilaginous fish (sharks, rays, skates)

76
Q

Class Osteichthyes

A

Bony Fish

77
Q

Order Urodela

A

Salamanders and Newts

78
Q

Order Anura

A

Frogs and toads

79
Q

Order Apoda

A

Caecilians

80
Q

Order Sphenodontia

A

Tuatara

81
Q

Order Squamata

A

Snakes and lizards

82
Q

Order Testudines

A

Turtles

Biology Part 3 (1 decks)

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