Biology Flashcards
Spontaneous generation
a reaction that favors the formation of products at the conditions under which the reaction is occurring
Controlled variable
An element in an experiment that is held constant
Manipulated variable
A variable that can cause something to change
Responding variable
The variable that responds to the changes made in an experiment
Control
An element that remains unaffected in an experiment
Cell Theory:
- All living things are made up of one or more cells and the materials produced by these cells
- All life functions take place in cells, making them the smallest unit of life
- All cells are produced from pre-existing cells through the process of cell division
Cell
the smallest unit that can live on its own and that makes up all living organisms and the tissues of the body. It is an open system.
Cell membrane
A phospholipid bilayer that surrounds the cell, it holds the cell together and protects it. It also diffuses in/out and contains embedded proteins that serve many functions
Cytoplasm
The gel-like substance inside the cell membrane that contains water and nutrients for the cell
Nucleus
The nucleus is the control center of the cell. It contains all the genetic information and tells the cell what to do. It is surrounded by a double membrane called the nuclear membrane.
Nuclear pores
Holes in the nuclear membrane
Why is the nucleus the most important part of the cell
- Contains chromatin:
- Long strands of DNA
-DNA —> Instruction manual - Stores genetic information
Nucleolus:
Creates rRNA to make ribosomes
Sends mRNA do ribosomes to produce protein
- Long strands of DNA
Ribosomes
The site of protein synthesis
- Attached on rough endoplasmic reticulum or free around cytoplasm
Endoplasmic Reticulum
organelles that carry proteins and other molecules around the cell
- tubes are connected together, they branch out from the nuclear membrane
- two types, rough ER and smooth ER
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
- Has ribosomes on its outer surface
- Used for making proteins
- Transport of proteins in vesicles to the Golgi apparatus
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
- No ribosomes
- Produces lipids, cholesterol, and hormones
- Detoxification breaks down toxins
- Stores ions
Unicellular organism
Organisms that are made of only one cell
- Eg – Euglena, amoeba
Multicellular organism
Organisms that are made up of MANY cells
- Ex – tree, onion, worm, human
- When a cell becomes too big,
It will divide into two smaller cells.